如何在 Python（Python REST API）中发送 POST 请求？

Question

我想向 VNF 发送 POST 请求以保存服务。

这是我的代码。

class APIClient:

    def __init__(self, api_type, auth=None):
      
        if api_type == 'EXTERNAL':
            self.auth_client = auth

    
    def api_call(self, http_verb, base_url, api_endpoint, headers=None, request_body=None, params=None):
       
        if headers is not None:
            headers = merge_dicts(headers, auth_header)
        else:
            headers = auth_header
        url_endpoint = base_url + api_endpoint

        request_body = json.dumps(request_body)
        if http_verb == 'POST':
            api_resp = requests.post(url_endpoint, data=request_body, headers=headers)
            return api_resp
        else:
            return False

def add_service():
    for service in service_list:
        
        dict = service.view_service()
        auth_dict = {
            'server_url': 'https://authserver.nisha.com/auth/',
            'client_id': 'vnf_api',
            'realm_name': 'nisha,
            'client_secret_key': 'abcd12345',
            'grant_type': 'client_credentials'

        }

        api_client = APIClient(api_type='EXTERNAL', auth=auth_dict)

        response = api_client.api_call(http_verb='POST',
                                       base_url='http://0.0.0.0:5054',
                                       api_endpoint='/vnf/service-management/v1/services',
                                       request_body=f'{dict}')

        print(response)
        if response.ok:
            print("success")
        else:
            print("no")

当我运行此代码时，它会打印

<Response [415]>
no

VNF 端的所有功能都可以正常工作，我对 GET 服务 api 调用没有任何问题。 如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

如果您需要将application/json数据发布到端点，则需要使用requests.post中的json kwarg 而不是data kwarg。

在requests.post中显示json和data kwargs 之间的区别：

import requests
from requests import Request

# This is form-encoded
r = Request('POST', 'https://myurl.com', headers={'hello': 'world'}, data={'some': 'data'})
x = r.prepare()
x.headers
# note the content-type here
{'hello': 'world', 'Content-Length': '9', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}

# This is json content
r = Request('POST', 'https://myurl.com', headers={'hello': 'world'}, json={'some': 'data'})
x = r.prepare()
x.headers
{'hello': 'world', 'Content-Length': '16', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}

所以你根本不需要json.dumps步骤：

        url_endpoint = base_url + api_endpoint

        if http_verb == 'POST':
            api_resp = requests.post(url_endpoint, json=request_body, headers=headers)