如何将多列长数据重塑为宽？

Question

structure(tibble(c("top", "jng", "mid", "bot", "sup"), c("369", "Karsa", "knight", "JackeyLove", "yuyanjia"), 
           c("Malphite", "Rek'Sai",  "Zoe", "Aphelios", "Braum"), c("1", "1", "1", "1", "1"), c("7", "5", "7", "5", "0"), 
           c("6079-7578", "6079-7578", "6079-7578", "6079-7578", "6079-7578")), .Names = c("position", "player", "champion", "result", "kills", "gameid"))

输出：

# A tibble: 5 x 6
  position player     champion result kills gameid   
* <chr>    <chr>      <chr>    <chr>  <chr> <chr>    
1 top      369        Malphite 1      7     6079-7578
2 jng      Karsa      Rek'Sai  1      5     6079-7578
3 mid      knight     Zoe      1      7     6079-7578
4 bot      JackeyLove Aphelios 1      5     6079-7578
5 sup      yuyanjia   Braum    1      0     6079-7578

我想要的输出是：

structure(list(gameid = "6079-7578", result = "1", player_top = "369", 
    player_jng = "Karsa", player_mid = "knight", player_bot = "JackeyLove", 
    player_sup = "yuyanjia", champion_top = "Malphite", champion_jng = "Rek'Sai", 
    champion_mid = "Zoe", champion_bot = "Aphelios", champion_sup = "Braum", 
    kills_top = "7", kills_jng = "5", kills_mid = "7", kills_bot = "5", 
    kills_sup = "0"), row.names = c(NA, -1L), class = c("tbl_df", 
"tbl", "data.frame")) 

看起来像这样：

     gameid result player_top player_jng player_mid player_bot player_sup champion_top champion_jng champion_mid champion_bot champion_sup
1 6079-7578      1        369      Karsa     knight JackeyLove   yuyanjia     Malphite      RekSai          Zoe     Aphelios        Braum
  kills_top kills_jng kills_mid kills_bot kills_sup
1         7         5         7         5         0

我知道我应该使用pivot_wider() 和drop_na 之类的东西，但我不知道如何使用多个列执行pivot_wider() 并同时折叠行。 任何帮助，将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您可以pivot_wider()使用pivot_wider() ，将“位置”变量定义为新列名称来自names_from的变量，以及三个变量，其中包含要用于填充这些列的值 as values_from 。

默认情况下，多个values_from变量被粘贴到新列名称的前面。 这可以改变，但在这种情况下，匹配你想要的命名结构。

原始数据集中的所有其他变量将按照它们出现的顺序用作id_cols 。

library(tidyr)
pivot_wider(dat,  
            names_from = "position", 
            values_from = c("player", "champion", "kills"))
#>   result    gameid player_top player_jng player_mid player_bot player_sup
#> 1      1 6079-7578        369      Karsa     knight JackeyLove   yuyanjia
#>   champion_top champion_jng champion_mid champion_bot champion_sup kills_top
#> 1     Malphite      Rek'Sai          Zoe     Aphelios        Braum         7
#>   kills_jng kills_mid kills_bot kills_sup
#> 1         5         7         5         0

您可以通过id_cols显式写出它们来控制输出中 id 列的顺序。 这是一个示例，匹配您想要的输出。

pivot_wider(dat, id_cols = c("gameid", "result"), 
            names_from = "position", 
            values_from = c("player", "champion", "kills"))
#>      gameid result player_top player_jng player_mid player_bot player_sup
#> 1 6079-7578      1        369      Karsa     knight JackeyLove   yuyanjia
#>   champion_top champion_jng champion_mid champion_bot champion_sup kills_top
#> 1     Malphite      Rek'Sai          Zoe     Aphelios        Braum         7
#>   kills_jng kills_mid kills_bot kills_sup
#> 1         5         7         5         0

^{由reprex 包( v2.0.0 ) 于 2021 年 6 月 24 日创建}

Answer 2

在这里使用data.table可能会有所帮助。 在dcast()每一行都由一个唯一的 gameid 和 result 组合标识，列将按位置分布，并填充 value.var 中列出的变量的值。

library(data.table)
library(dplyr)
df <- structure(tibble(c("top", "jng", "mid", "bot", "sup"), c("369", "Karsa", "knight", "JackeyLove", "yuyanjia"), 
                 c("Malphite", "Rek'Sai",  "Zoe", "Aphelios", "Braum"), c("1", "1", "1", "1", "1"), c("7", "5", "7", "5", "0"), 
                 c("6079-7578", "6079-7578", "6079-7578", "6079-7578", "6079-7578")), .Names = c("position", "player", "champion", "result", "kills", "gameid"))

df2 <- dcast(setDT(df), gameid + result~position, value.var = list('player','champion','kills'))