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使用基础实例 Python 继承数据类

[英]Inherite dataclass using base instance Python

我在bookmodel有两个数据类,一个从另一个继承而来:

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class BookOrder:
    category: str
    name: str
    color: str
    price: int
    volume: int

@dataclass(frozen=True)
class ClientOrder(BookOrder):
    client_id: str

然后在另一个.py文件中,我需要使用BookOrder初始化一个ClientOrder实例:

from book_model import BookOrder
# ...

@dataclass
class Client:
    id: str
    def place_book_order(self, book_order: BookOrder):
        # want to init a ClientOrder HERE!!!

由于BookOrder不可调用,因此我无法将self.id传递给它。 我想知道是否有一种优雅的方式来实现这一目标?

更新

猜猜我想问的是,除了下面的方法之外,还有其他方法可以使用BookOrder初始化ClientOrder吗?

client_order=ClientOrder(book_order.categry, book_order.name, ..., self.client_id)

解决此问题的一种方法是不使用继承,而是将client_id声明为可选属性。 由于BookOrder数据类也被冻结了,然后我们需要调用object.__setattr__修改的值client_id ,在提到这个职位

在你的第一个模块a.py

from __future__ import annotations  # Added for compatibility with 3.7+

from dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class BookOrder:
    category: str
    name: str
    color: str
    price: int
    volume: int
    client_id: str | None = None

在第二个模块b.py

from book_model import BookOrder
# ...

@dataclass
class Client:
    id: str
    def place_book_order(self, book_order: BookOrder):
        # The following does not work, because BookOrder is a frozen
        # dataclass.
        # setattr(book_order, 'client_id', self.id)
        # Use object.__setattr__ as mentioned here:
        #  https://stackoverflow.com/a/59249252/10237506
        object.__setattr__(book_order, 'client_id', self.id)

        if book_order.client_id:
            print('Successfully set client_id attribute:',
                  repr(book_order.client_id))
        else:
            print('Was unable to set client_id attribute on frozen dataclass')


Client('abc123').place_book_order(BookOrder(*['a'] * 5))

输出:

Successfully set client_id attribute: 'abc123'

当然,更简单的方法是不将其定义为frozen数据类:

@dataclass
class BookOrder:
    category: str
    name: str
    color: str
    price: int
    volume: int
    client_id: str | None = None

然后在b.py需要的唯一更改:

    ...

    def place_book_order(self, book_order: BookOrder):
        book_order.client_id = self.id
        ...

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