ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] 证书验证失败：证书已过期 (_ssl.c:997)

Question

当我尝试使用带有此代码的框架aiohhtp （取自文档）时，我正在为Python使用一些web框架：

import aiohttp
import asyncio

#********************************
# a solution I found on the forum:
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50236117/scraping-ssl-certificate-verify-failed-error-for-http-en-wikipedia-org?rq=1
import ssl
ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
# ... but it doesn't work :(
#********************************

async def main():

    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get("https://python.org") as response:

            print("Status:", response.status)
            print("Content-type:", response.headers["content-type"])

            html = await response.text()
            print("Body:", html[:15], "...")

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(main())

当我运行这段代码时，我得到了这个回溯：

DeprecationWarning: There is 
no current event loop
  loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\connector.py", line 986, in _wrap_create_connection
    return await self._loop.create_connection(*args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore[return-value]  # noqa
  File "c:\Python310\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 1080, in create_connection
    transport, protocol = await self._create_connection_transport(
  File "c:\Python310\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 1110, in _create_connection_transport
    await waiter
  File "c:\Python310\lib\asyncio\sslproto.py", line 528, in data_received
    ssldata, appdata = self._sslpipe.feed_ssldata(data)
  File "c:\Python310\lib\asyncio\sslproto.py", line 188, in feed_ssldata
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
  File "c:\Python310\lib\ssl.py", line 974, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:997)    

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Users\chris\Documents\Programmi_in_Python_offline\Esercitazioni\Python_commands\aioWebTest.py", line 21, in <module>   
    loop.run_until_complete(main())
  File "c:\Python310\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 641, in run_until_complete
    return future.result()
  File "c:\Users\chris\Documents\Programmi_in_Python_offline\Esercitazioni\Python_commands\aioWebTest.py", line 12, in main       
    async with session.get("https://python.org") as response:
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\client.py", line 1138, in __aenter__
    self._resp = await self._coro
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\client.py", line 535, in _request
    conn = await self._connector.connect(
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\connector.py", line 542, in connect
    proto = await self._create_connection(req, traces, timeout)
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\connector.py", line 907, in _create_connection
    _, proto = await self._create_direct_connection(req, traces, timeout)
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\connector.py", line 1206, in _create_direct_connection
    raise last_exc
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\connector.py", line 1175, in _create_direct_connection
    transp, proto = await self._wrap_create_connection(
  File "c:\Python310\lib\site-packages\aiohttp\connector.py", line 988, in _wrap_create_connection
    raise ClientConnectorCertificateError(req.connection_key, exc) from exc
aiohttp.client_exceptions.ClientConnectorCertificateError: Cannot connect to host python.org:443 ssl:True [SSLCertVerificationError: (1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:997)')]

从最后一行我认为是证书过期的问题，所以我在互联网上搜索并尝试解决安装一些证书：

• COMODO ECC 认证机构；
• 根据Bango对该问题的建议，我从网站www.python.org 获取了三个证书：

对于这个冗长的问题，我很抱歉，但我在互联网上进行了很多搜索，但找不到适合我的案例的解决方案。 提前谢谢你们，伙计们<3

Answer 1

接受@salparadise 的评论，以下内容对我有用：

session.get("https://python.org", ssl=False)