如何在 Python 3.x 中循环遍历复杂的 JSON

Question

目前，我正在为我的家构建一个仪表板，从 Honeywell API 获取温度值。 我正在尝试遍历从 API 获得的复杂 JSON 以获取所有设备当前温度。

由于我对 Python 很陌生，我不知道如何进行排序。 这是一个示例响应：

[
    {
        "locationID": 5018081,
        "type": "Residential",
        "hasStation": true,
        "devices": [
            {
                "gatewayId": 4773548,
                "deviceID": 6575395,
                "thermostatModelType": "EMEA_ZONE",
                "deviceType": 128,
                "name": "Badkamer 1e",
                "scheduleCapable": false,
                "holdUntilCapable": false,
                "thermostat": {
                    "units": "Celsius",
                    "indoorTemperature": 18.8300,
                    "outdoorTemperature": 128.0000,
                    "outdoorTemperatureAvailable": false,
                    "outdoorHumidity": 128.0000,
                    "outdootHumidityAvailable": false,
                    "indoorHumidity": 128.0000,
                    "indoorTemperatureStatus": "Measured",
                    "indoorHumidityStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "outdoorTemperatureStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "outdoorHumidityStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "isCommercial": false,
                    "allowedModes": [
                        "Heat",
                        "Off"
                    ],
                    "deadband": 0.0000,
                    "minHeatSetpoint": 5.0000,
                    "maxHeatSetpoint": 35.0000,
                    "minCoolSetpoint": 50.0000,
                    "maxCoolSetpoint": 90.0000,
                    "changeableValues": {
                        "mode": "Off",
                        "heatSetpoint": {
                            "value": 19.0,
                            "status": "Scheduled"
                        },
                        "vacationHoldDays": 0
                    },
                    "scheduleCapable": false,
                    "vacationHoldChangeable": false,
                    "vacationHoldCancelable": false,
                    "scheduleHeatSp": 0.0000,
                    "scheduleCoolSp": 0.0000
                },
                "alertSettings": {
                    "deviceID": 6575395,
                    "tempHigherThanActive": true,
                    "tempHigherThan": 30.0000,
                    "tempHigherThanMinutes": 0,
                    "tempLowerThanActive": true,
                    "tempLowerThan": 5.0000,
                    "tempLowerThanMinutes": 0,
                    "faultConditionExistsActive": false,
                    "faultConditionExistsHours": 0,
                    "normalConditionsActive": true,
                    "communicationLostActive": false,
                    "communicationLostHours": 0,
                    "communicationFailureActive": true,
                    "communicationFailureMinutes": 15,
                    "deviceLostActive": false,
                    "deviceLostHours": 0
                },
                "isUpgrading": false,
                "isAlive": true,
                "thermostatVersion": "02.00.17.00",
                "macID": "B82CA0CCEB90",
                "locationID": 5018081,
                "domainID": 60304,
                "instance": 9
            },
            {
                "gatewayId": 4773548,
                "deviceID": 6575388,
                "thermostatModelType": "EMEA_ZONE",
                "deviceType": 128,
                "name": "Badkamer BG",
                "scheduleCapable": false,
                "holdUntilCapable": false,
                "thermostat": {
                    "units": "Celsius",
                    "indoorTemperature": 20.3200,
                    "outdoorTemperature": 128.0000,
                    "outdoorTemperatureAvailable": false,
                    "outdoorHumidity": 128.0000,
                    "outdootHumidityAvailable": false,
                    "indoorHumidity": 128.0000,
                    "indoorTemperatureStatus": "Measured",
                    "indoorHumidityStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "outdoorTemperatureStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "outdoorHumidityStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "isCommercial": false,
                    "allowedModes": [
                        "Heat",
                        "Off"
                    ],
                    "deadband": 0.0000,
                    "minHeatSetpoint": 5.0000,
                    "maxHeatSetpoint": 35.0000,
                    "minCoolSetpoint": 50.0000,
                    "maxCoolSetpoint": 90.0000,
                    "changeableValues": {
                        "mode": "Off",
                        "heatSetpoint": {
                            "value": 19.0,
                            "status": "Scheduled"
                        },
                        "vacationHoldDays": 0
                    },
                    "scheduleCapable": false,
                    "vacationHoldChangeable": false,
                    "vacationHoldCancelable": false,
                    "scheduleHeatSp": 0.0000,
                    "scheduleCoolSp": 0.0000
                },
                "alertSettings": {
                    "deviceID": 6575388,
                    "tempHigherThanActive": true,
                    "tempHigherThan": 30.0000,
                    "tempHigherThanMinutes": 0,
                    "tempLowerThanActive": true,
                    "tempLowerThan": 5.0000,
                    "tempLowerThanMinutes": 0,
                    "faultConditionExistsActive": false,
                    "faultConditionExistsHours": 0,
                    "normalConditionsActive": true,
                    "communicationLostActive": false,
                    "communicationLostHours": 0,
                    "communicationFailureActive": true,
                    "communicationFailureMinutes": 15,
                    "deviceLostActive": false,
                    "deviceLostHours": 0
                },
                "isUpgrading": false,
                "isAlive": true,
                "thermostatVersion": "02.00.17.00",
                "macID": "B82CA0CCEB90",
                "locationID": 5018081,
                "domainID": 60304,
                "instance": 2
            },
            {
                "gatewayId": 4773548,
                "deviceID": 6575389,
                "thermostatModelType": "EMEA_ZONE",
                "deviceType": 128,
                "name": "Garage",
                "scheduleCapable": false,
                "holdUntilCapable": false,
                "thermostat": {
                    "units": "Celsius",
                    "indoorTemperature": 17.1600,
                    "outdoorTemperature": 128.0000,
                    "outdoorTemperatureAvailable": false,
                    "outdoorHumidity": 128.0000,
                    "outdootHumidityAvailable": false,
                    "indoorHumidity": 128.0000,
                    "indoorTemperatureStatus": "Measured",
                    "indoorHumidityStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "outdoorTemperatureStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "outdoorHumidityStatus": "NotAvailable",
                    "isCommercial": false,
                    "allowedModes": [
                        "Heat",
                        "Off"
                    ],
                    "deadband": 0.0000,
                    "minHeatSetpoint": 5.0000,
                    "maxHeatSetpoint": 35.0000,
                    "minCoolSetpoint": 50.0000,
                    "maxCoolSetpoint": 90.0000,
                    "changeableValues": {
                        "mode": "Off",
                        "heatSetpoint": {
                            "value": 17.0,
                            "status": "Scheduled"
                        },
                        "vacationHoldDays": 0
                    },
                    "scheduleCapable": false,
                    "vacationHoldChangeable": false,
                    "vacationHoldCancelable": false,
                    "scheduleHeatSp": 0.0000,
                    "scheduleCoolSp": 0.0000
                },
                "alertSettings": {
                    "deviceID": 6575389,
                    "tempHigherThanActive": true,
                    "tempHigherThan": 30.0000,
                    "tempHigherThanMinutes": 0,
                    "tempLowerThanActive": true,
                    "tempLowerThan": 5.0000,
                    "tempLowerThanMinutes": 0,
                    "faultConditionExistsActive": false,
                    "faultConditionExistsHours": 0,
                    "normalConditionsActive": true,
                    "communicationLostActive": false,
                    "communicationLostHours": 0,
                    "communicationFailureActive": true,
                    "communicationFailureMinutes": 15,
                    "deviceLostActive": false,
                    "deviceLostHours": 0
                },
                "isUpgrading": false,
                "isAlive": true,
                "thermostatVersion": "02.00.17.00",
                "macID": "B82CA0CCEB90",
                "locationID": 5018081,
                "domainID": 60304,
                "instance": 3
            }
        ],
        "oneTouchButtons": [],
        "weather": {
            "condition": "Cloudy",
            "temperature": 8.7,
            "units": "Celsius",
            "humidity": 91,
            "phrase": "Cloudy"
        },
        "daylightSavingTimeEnabled": true,
        "timeZone": {
            "id": "W. Europe Standard Time",
            "displayName": "(UTC+01:00) Amsterdam, Berlin, Bern, Rome, Stockholm, Vienna",
            "offsetMinutes": 60,
            "currentOffsetMinutes": 60,
            "usingDaylightSavingTime": true
        },
        "oneTouchActionsSuspended": false,
        "isLocationOwner": true,
        "locationOwnerID": 4172939,
        "canSearchForContractors": true
    }
]

这里有谁知道如何获取设备数组中的每个设备thermostat.indoortemperature和thermostat.changeableValues.HeatSetpoint.Value ？

Answer 1

看起来你有一个包含一本大字典的列表。 该字典有一个devices键值对，其中值是一个字典列表，每个设备一个。 如果data是您的 JSON 结构，您可以通过以下方式遍历设备字典：

data = ...

for device in data[0]["devices"]:
    indoor_temp = device["thermostat"]["indoorTemperature"]
    heat_set_point = device["changeableValues"]["heatSetpoint"]["value"]
    print("Device ID: {}".format(device["deviceID"]))
    print("Indoor temperature: {}".format(indoor_temp))
    print("Heat set point: {}\n".format(heat_set_point))

Answer 2

这是一个 json 数组.. 将其转换为字典数组，然后循环遍历它并使用其对应的键从每个字典中获取值。

import json

json_array_string = u'[{ "key":"value", ... }, {...}, ... ]'
array = json.loads(json_string)

Answer 3

正如评论中提到的，这是一个包含字典元素的列表。

保存列表，我另存a （确保真/假为真/假）

对于每个位置，该列表的长度为 1。

选择列表的第一个元素

a[0]

该列表包含一个字典，因此请打开字典以获取所需的值devices 。 导航元素就像在您的计算机上导航文件结构

a[0]['devices']

这为您提供了一个包含三个字典的列表

遍历字典。 参考thermostat子字典并选择indoorTemperature键

[i['thermostat']['indoorTemperature'] for i in a[0]['devices']]

这为您提供了每个设备的“室内温度”

我不知道你想要什么 output，但你可以使用这个逻辑来得到你需要的东西！

一般来说，获取列表的值表示索引（例如a[0] ），获取字典的值表示键（例如 device['thermostat']）