[英]ruby install rails with Error ---Failed to build gem native extension.（Windows platform）
新手Ruby，才刚刚开始rails之旅。
已经搜索了 stackoverflow，但很多这些问题都是很久以前出现的。 我的英文不好，请容忍我的描述。 这是我的情况，希望我说清楚。
我在windows上。 当我在线学习 ruby 课时，我安装了一个较旧的环境——ruby2.7.4 和 rails 7.0.1。
昨天我想用更新的 ruby 环境完成一个新项目——所以我安装了 ruby3.1.0，但是当我尝试为这个新的 Ruby verison 安装 rails时，发生了错误。
这是我的环境：
C:\Users\Administrator>uru ls
274p191 : ruby 2.7.4p191 (2021-07-07 revision a21a3b7d23) [x64-mingw32]
310p0 : ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>ruby -v
ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>gem -v
3.3.6
C:\Users\Administrator>d:
D:\>cd RubyDevkit
D:\RubyDevkit>ruby dk.rb install
[INFO] Skipping existing gem override for 'D:/Ruby27-x64'
[WARN] Skipping existing DevKit helper library for 'D:/Ruby27-x64'
[INFO] Skipping existing gem override for 'D:/Ruby31-x64'
[WARN] Skipping existing DevKit helper library for 'D:/Ruby31-x64'
D:\RubyDevkit>
如您所见，我当前的 ruby 版本是 3.1.0，我想我已经为我的两个 Rubies 成功安装了Devkit 。
我也安装了MSYS2 （虽然我不知道为什么 ruby 需要它，但我遇到了另一个错误提醒我安装 MSYS 并将其添加到 PATH）
我认为在遇到此错误之前我已经正确地完成了所有操作：
C:\Users\Administrator>gem install rails
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
D:/Ruby31-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.1.0 -r ./siteconf20220128-11340-9w9ez5.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\= clean
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\=
make failedNo such file or directory - make
Gem files will remain installed in D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5 for inspection.
Results logged to D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.1.0/websocket-driver-0.7.5/gem_make.out
当我为 ruby2.7.4 安装 rails 时没有异常（相同的命令刚刚完成，没有错误或警告）。
我在网上找不到任何类似的情况。 有人可以帮忙吗？
感谢评论，真是发人深省。 按照一些计划（虽然失败了）我尝试单独安装 gem websocket-driver ，得到了同样的错误：
C:\Users\Administrator>gem install websocket-driver:0.7.5
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing websocket-driver:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
D:/Ruby31-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.1.0 -r ./siteconf20220129-3864-wqfhn2.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\= clean
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\=
make failedNo such file or directory - make
Gem files will remain installed in D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5 for inspection.
Results logged to D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.1.0/websocket-driver-0.7.5/gem_make.out
（从根目录中删除此 gem 并重新安装也得到相同的结果）
然后我厌倦了从bundler.rubygems.org 获取这个 gem，并在本地安装它。 得到了同样的错误：
C:\Users\Administrator>d:
D:\>cd rubyDownloads
D:\rubyDownloads>gem install websocket-driver-0.7.5.gem --local
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing websocket-driver-0.7.5.gem:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
D:/Ruby31-x64/bin/ruby.exe -I D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.1.0 -r ./siteconf20220129-5896-885p1m.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\= clean
current directory: D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5/ext/websocket-driver
make DESTDIR\=
make failedNo such file or directory - make
Gem files will remain installed in D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/websocket-driver-0.7.5 for inspection.
Results logged to D:/Ruby31-x64/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/extensions/x64-mingw-ucrt/3.1.0/websocket-driver-0.7.5/gem_make.out
现在问题变成了：gem websocket-driver和依赖它的 Any other gem couldn't install successful ，并且 ERROR 如上所示。
刚放假回来，这个问题已经在假期解决了。 请原谅我直到现在才记得关闭这个问题。XD
在 Josien 的评论的帮助下，问题已缩小为gem install websocket-driver failed。 在stackoverflow上更容易找到这个问题- Error when trying to install gem websocket-driver-0.7.3
最后，我通过输入ridk install （让 MSYS2 为 ruby3.0.1 工作）解决了这个问题——我已经安装了 MSYS2 并让它在 ruby2.7.4 下工作，但是如果你想让它同样为 ruby3.0.1 工作，你需要在ruby3.0.1下执行这个命令。
为ruby3.0.1 安装MSYS2 后，rails 安装成功。
C:\Users\Administrator>Uru ls
274p191 : ruby 2.7.4p191 (2021-07-07 revision a21a3b7d23) [x64-mingw32]
310p0 : ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>ruby -v
ruby 3.1.0p0 (2021-12-25 revision fb4df44d16) [x64-mingw-ucrt]
C:\Users\Administrator>ridk install
_____ _ _____ _ _ _ ___
| __ \ | | |_ _| | | | | | |__ \
| |__) | _| |__ _ _ | | _ __ ___| |_ __ _| | | ___ _ __ ) |
| _ / | | | '_ \| | | | | | | '_ \/ __| __/ _` | | |/ _ \ '__/ /
| | \ \ |_| | |_) | |_| |_| |_| | | \__ \ || (_| | | | __/ | / /_
|_| \_\__,_|_.__/ \__, |_____|_| |_|___/\__\__,_|_|_|\___|_||____|
__/ | _
|___/ _|_ _ __ | | o __ _| _ _
| (_) | |^| | | |(_|(_)\^/_>
1 - MSYS2 base installation
2 - MSYS2 system update (optional)
3 - MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain
Which components shall be installed? If unsure press ENTER [1,3] 1,3
> sh -lc true
MSYS2 seems to be properly installed
Install MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain ...
> pacman -S --needed --noconfirm autoconf autogen automake-wrapper diffutils file
...
...
...
Install MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain succeeded
1 - MSYS2 base installation
2 - MSYS2 system update (optional)
3 - MSYS2 and MINGW development toolchain
Which components shall be installed? If unsure press ENTER []
C:\Users\Administrator>gem install rails
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed websocket-driver-0.7.5
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed nio4r-2.5.8
Successfully installed actioncable-7.0.2
Successfully installed rails-7.0.2
Parsing documentation for websocket-driver-0.7.5
Installing ri documentation for websocket-driver-0.7.5
Parsing documentation for nio4r-2.5.8
Installing ri documentation for nio4r-2.5.8
Parsing documentation for actioncable-7.0.2
Installing ri documentation for actioncable-7.0.2
Parsing documentation for rails-7.0.2
Installing ri documentation for rails-7.0.2
Done installing documentation for websocket-driver, nio4r, actioncable, rails after 2 seconds
4 gems installed
C:\Users\Administrator>rails -v
Rails 7.0.2
Mountain Lion，无法在轨道上安装ruby [错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。
[英]Mountain Lion, failed to install ruby on rails [ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.]
"<i>"ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension."<\/i> “错误：无法构建 gem 原生扩展。”<\/b> <i>while installing Rails<\/i>在安装 Rails 时<\/b>"
[英]"ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension." while installing Rails
错误：无法生成gem本机扩展。 尝试安装滑轨时
[英]ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. when trying to install rails
创建rails项目时的bundle install错误Gem :: Ext :: BuildError：错误：无法构建gem native扩展。 对于SQlite3
[英]Error in bundle install at creation of rails project Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. for SQlite3
捆绑安装：错误：无法构建gem原生扩展。 nio4r宝石
[英]Bundle install: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. nio4r gem
错误：未能 > 构建 gem 原生扩展。 - 无法安装水龙头宝石
[英]ERROR: Failed to > build gem native extension. - Can't install taps gem
gem install rails构建错误无法构建gem本机扩展
[英]gem install rails build error failed to build gem native extension
Rails 2.3.5-安装mysql时出错：错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。
[英]Rails 2.3.5 - Error installing mysql: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
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