如何在 windows 上安装 fiona

Question

我正在尝试安装 fiona package。我尝试通过 pip 命令将其安装为一个轮子，但其中任何一个都失败了，我收到以下错误消息。

安装了 GDAL、shapely 和 psycopg2。 请让我知道如何在 windows 上安装 fiona

错误

M:\projects\python\wheels\fiona>pip install --target="M:\projects\python\flask apps\openRoutService\apps\app5\env\Lib\site-packages" Fiona-1.8.20-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
Processing m:\projects\python\wheels\fiona\fiona-1.8.20-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl
Collecting six>=1.7
  Using cached six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting gdal~=3.4.1
  Using cached GDAL-3.4.1.tar.gz (755 kB)
Collecting click-plugins>=1.0
  Using cached click_plugins-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.5 kB)
Collecting attrs>=17
  Using cached attrs-21.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (60 kB)
Collecting click>=4.0
  Using cached click-8.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Collecting certifi
  Using cached certifi-2021.10.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (149 kB)
Collecting munch
  Using cached munch-2.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting setuptools
  Using cached setuptools-60.9.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.1 MB)
Collecting cligj>=0.5
  Using cached cligj-0.7.2-py3-none-any.whl (7.1 kB)
Collecting colorama
  Using cached colorama-0.4.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for gdal, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: colorama, six, click, setuptools, munch, gdal, cligj, click-plugins, certifi, attrs, Fiona
    Running setup.py install for gdal ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'C:\Python310\python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\xx\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-v2cmia2n\\gdal_18cd6fbde3384489bd2e11f4cb590c81\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\xx\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-v2cmia2n\\gdal_18cd6fbde3384489bd2e11f4cb590c81\\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-i_y174eu\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --home 'C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-target-psp5q3qc' --compile --install-headers 'C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-target-psp5q3qc\include\python\gdal'
         cwd: C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-v2cmia2n\gdal_18cd6fbde3384489bd2e11f4cb590c81\
    Complete output (118 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdal.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdalconst.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdalnumeric.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gdal_array.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\gnm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\osr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\utils.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    copying osgeo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal2tiles.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal2xyz.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdalattachpct.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdalcompare.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdalmove.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_calc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_edit.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_fillnodata.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_merge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_pansharpen.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_polygonize.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_proximity.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_retile.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\gdal_sieve.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\ogrmerge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\pct2rgb.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\rgb2pct.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\array_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\batch_creator.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\color_palette.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\color_table.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\extent_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\gdal_argparse.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\numpy_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\osr_util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\progress.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\raster_creation.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\rectangle.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\util.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\auxiliary\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\auxiliary
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\assemblepoly.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\build_jp2_from_xml.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\classify.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\crs2crs2grid.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\densify.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\dump_jp2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\epsg_tr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\esri2wkt.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\fft.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\fix_gpkg.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gcps2ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gcps2vec.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gcps2wld.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal2grd.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalchksum.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalcopyproj.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalfilter.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalident.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalimport.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdalinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdallocationinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_auth.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_cp.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_create_pdf.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_ls.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_lut.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_mkdir.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_remove_towgs84.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_rm.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_rmdir.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_vrtmerge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\gdal_zip.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\get_soundg.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\histrep.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\hsv_merge.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\jpeg_in_tiff_extract.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\load2odbc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\loslas2ntv2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\magphase.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\make_fuzzer_friendly_archive.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\mkgraticule.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr2ogr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr2vrt.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogrinfo.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogrupdate.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr_build_junction_table.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr_dispatch.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\ogr_layer_algebra.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\rel.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\tigerpoly.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\tile_extent_from_raster.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\tolatlong.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\validate_cloud_optimized_geotiff.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\validate_gpkg.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\validate_jp2.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\val_repl.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\vec_tr.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\vec_tr_spat.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\wcs_virtds_params.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    copying gdal-utils\osgeo_utils\samples\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.10\osgeo_utils\samples
    running build_ext
    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
    building 'osgeo._ogr' extension
    building 'osgeo._osr' extension
    building 'osgeo._gnm' extension
    building 'osgeo._gdalconst' extension
    building 'osgeo._gdal_array' extension
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
    ----------------------------------------

Answer 1

如果您想使用 OSgeo 套件进行地理空间数据分析，我建议您继续并在全新的 Python 环境中安装Geopandas 。 Fiona 是依赖项之一，因此将安装它。 打开 anaconda 提示符并运行这些命令。 当然，如果您愿意，可以将新环境的名称从geo_env更改为其他名称。

conda create -n geo_env
conda activate geo_env
conda config --env --add channels conda-forge
conda config --env --set channel_priority strict
conda install python=3 geopandas

如果您想尝试让 Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 正常工作，您可能还会发现这篇文章很有帮助。 但是，根据个人经验和其他人的故事，我发现 conda-forge Geopandas 安装要容易得多。