如何根据用户名而不是 Django 中的 (id, pk) 获取用户 object

Question

我在使用 URL 中的用户名查看其他配置文件时遇到了困难，我能够看到带有用户 ID 的页面，但没有用户名，这是 url 现在是http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/ 30/ ，但我想要这个http://127.0.0.1:8000/user/reedlyons/ 。 我知道我可以用 get_object_or_404 做到这一点，但我想知道是否有另一种解决方法。

这是我的 views.py

def profile_view(request, *args, **kwargs):
    context = {}
    user_id = kwargs.get("user_id")
    try:
        profile = Profile.objects.get(user=user_id)
    except:
        return HttpResponse("Something went wrong.")
    if profile:
        context['id'] = profile.id
        context['user'] = profile.user
        context['email'] = profile.email
        context['profile_picture'] = profile.profile_picture.url

        return render(request, "main/profile_visit.html", context)

网址.py

urlpatterns = [
    path("user/<user_id>/", views.profile_view, name = "get_profile"),
...

模型.py

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete = models.CASCADE, null = False, blank = True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50, null = True, blank = True)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 50, null = True, blank = True)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length = 50, null = True, blank = True)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length = 50, null = True, blank = True)
    bio = models.TextField(max_length = 300, null = True, blank = True)
    profile_picture = models.ImageField(default = 'default.png', upload_to = "img/%y", null = True, blank = True)
    banner_picture = models.ImageField(default = 'bg_image.png', upload_to = "img/%y", null = True, blank = True)

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.user.username} Profile'

Answer 1

def profile_view(request, username):
    context = {}
    try:
        user = User.objects.get(username=username)
        profile = user.profile

        context['username'] = user.username
        context['email'] = profile.email
        context['bio'] = profile.bio
        context['profile_picture'] = profile.profile_picture.url

    except User.DoesNotExist:
        return HttpResponse("Something went wrong.")        

    return render(request, "main/profile_visit.html", context)

网址.py

urlpatterns = [
    path("user/<str:username>/", views.profile_view, name = "get_profile"),
]

确保每个user实例都附加了profile