如何使用 tkinter 更新多个标签

Question

我正在尝试在 python 中制作一个worktime ，它还以十进制小时数显示经过的时间作为工作时间，并将超过 8 小时的任何时间转换为overtime 。

我得到了秒表部分功能（公平地说，我主要模仿教程），但是当我尝试添加额外的小数时，事情就出错了。 我尝试了一堆看起来有点合乎逻辑的东西，但在运行时出现了更多错误，或者我的秒表旁边的标签保持为零，或者在目前的情况下，python 在几秒钟后崩溃（我的猜测是这三个.after基本上是以指数方式调用运行update() ？）

我想推土机解决方案对我来说只是为我的每个标签复制update()函数，我 9/10 肯定它会起作用，但这听起来很愚蠢。

import tkinter as tk

### Vars
counting = False
hours, minutes, seconds = 0, 0, 0
totalWorktime, overtime = 0, 0

### Funcs

def start():
    global counting
    if not counting:
        update()
        counting = True

def pause():
    global counting
    if counting:
        stopwatch_label.after_cancel(update_time)
        worktime_label.after_cancel(update_worktime)
        overtime_label.after_cancel(update_overtime)
        counting = False

def reset():
    global counting
    if counting:
        stopwatch_label.after_cancel(update_time)
        worktime_label.after_cancel(update_worktime)
        overtime_label.after_cancel(update_overtime)
        counting = False
    global hours, minutes, seconds, totalWorktime, overtime
    hours, minutes, seconds = 0, 0, 0
    totalWorktime, overtime = 0, 0
    stopwatch_label.config(text='00:00:00')

# update stopwatch label
def update():
    global hours, minutes, seconds, totalWorktime, overtime
    # time counting system
    seconds += 1
    if seconds ==60:
        minutes += 1
        seconds = 0
    if minutes == 60:
        hours += 1
        minutes = 0
    totalWorktime = hours + (minutes / 60)
    if totalWorktime > 8:
        overtime = totalWorktime - 8
    # format with zero padding
    hours_string = f'{hours}' if hours > 9 else f'0{hours}'
    minutes_string = f'{minutes}' if minutes > 9 else f'0{minutes}'
    seconds_string = f'{seconds}' if seconds > 9 else f'0{seconds}'
    # building label
    stopwatch_label.config(text=hours_string + ':' + minutes_string + ':' + seconds_string)
    global update_time, update_worktime, update_overtime
    update_time = stopwatch_label.after(10, update)
    update_worktime = worktime_label.after(10, update)
    update_overtime = overtime_label.after(10, update)

### UI
# main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('512x256')
root.title('Worktime Stopwatch')

# time display
stopwatch_label = tk.Label(text='00:00:00', font=('Arial', 80))
stopwatch_label.pack()
worktime_label = tk.Label(text='Work time : ' + str(totalWorktime), font=('Arial', 20))
worktime_label.pack()
overtime_label = tk.Label(text='Overtime : ' + str(overtime), font=('Arial', 20))
overtime_label.pack()

# buttons
start_button = tk.Button(text='Start', height=4, width=8, font=('Arial', 20), command=start)
start_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
pause_button = tk.Button(text='Pause', height=4, width=8, font=('Arial', 20), command=pause)
pause_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
reset_button = tk.Button(text='Reset', height=4, width=8, font=('Arial', 20), command=reset)
reset_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

# run
root.mainloop()

PS：是的，我知道我可以使用时间模块，我只是喜欢脚本中简单有趣的数学。
PS2：是的，我知道我现在的秒表计数时间太快了 100 倍，这是为了便于测试。 当它工作时，我会回到 1000 毫秒。

Answer 1

感谢@acw1668 的指出，我重新审视了我的代码，并注意到我是如何误解了.after()的用法并期望它负责刷新标签，而它真正所做的只是调用update()以固定的间隔。

重要的部分只是上面两行，在我的“建筑标签”评论下：

stopwatch_label.config(text=hours_string + ':' + minutes_string + ':' + seconds_string)

出于某种原因，我的大脑虽然只是将秒表标签的不同部分合二为一。 但是.config()的核心用途恰恰是改变文本。

所以我所要做的就是把这条线复制两次，然后改变它来影响我的工作overtime worktime ：

worktime_label.config(text='Work time : ' + str(totalWorktime))
overtime_label.config(text='  Overtime : ' + str(overtime))

我还必须在reset()和pause()中删除它们各自的.after_cancel()方法，并且在进行了一些更美观的更改之后，这是整个功能代码：

import tkinter as tk

### Vars
counting = False
hours, minutes, seconds = 0, 0, 0
totalWorktime, overtime = 0, 0

### Funcs

def start():
    global counting
    if not counting:
        update()
        counting = True

def pause():
    global counting
    if counting:
        stopwatch_label.after_cancel(update_time)
        counting = False

def reset():
    global counting
    if counting:
        stopwatch_label.after_cancel(update_time)
        counting = False
    global hours, minutes, seconds, totalWorktime, overtime
    hours, minutes, seconds = 0, 0, 0
    totalWorktime, overtime = 0, 0
    stopwatch_label.config(text='00:00:00')
    worktime_label.config(text='Work time : 0')
    overtime_label.config(text='  Overtime : 0')

# update stopwatch label
def update():
    global hours, minutes, seconds, totalWorktime, overtime
    # time counting system
    seconds += 1
    if seconds ==60:
        minutes += 1
        seconds = 0
    if minutes == 60:
        hours += 1
        minutes = 0
    totalWorktime = round(hours + (minutes / 60), 2)
    if totalWorktime > 8:
        overtime = totalWorktime - 8
    # format with zero padding
    hours_string = f'{hours}' if hours > 9 else f'0{hours}'
    minutes_string = f'{minutes}' if minutes > 9 else f'0{minutes}'
    seconds_string = f'{seconds}' if seconds > 9 else f'0{seconds}'
    # refresh labels with new text content
    stopwatch_label.config(text=hours_string + ':' + minutes_string + ':' + seconds_string)
    worktime_label.config(text='Work time : ' + str(totalWorktime))
    overtime_label.config(text='  Overtime : ' + str(overtime))
    global update_time, update_worktime, update_overtime
    update_time = stopwatch_label.after(1000, update)

### UI
# main window
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('512x256')
root.title('Worktime Stopwatch')

# time display
stopwatch_label = tk.Label(text='00:00:00', font=('Arial', 80))
stopwatch_label.pack()
worktime_label = tk.Label(text='Work time : 0', font=('Arial', 20), anchor="w", width=20)
worktime_label.pack()
overtime_label = tk.Label(text='  Overtime : 0', font=('Arial', 20), anchor="w", width=20)
overtime_label.pack()

# buttons
start_button = tk.Button(text='Start', height=4, width=8, font=('Arial', 20), command=start)
start_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
pause_button = tk.Button(text='Pause', height=4, width=8, font=('Arial', 20), command=pause)
pause_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
reset_button = tk.Button(text='Reset', height=4, width=8, font=('Arial', 20), command=reset)
reset_button.pack(side=tk.LEFT)

# run
root.mainloop()

谢谢您的帮助！