如何完美管理我对 C 项目的记忆？

Question

我正在研究 SDL Tetris 的一个对象。 当我运行我的代码时，它首先运行良好。 但它会在几分钟后自动停止显示我的文字。 我猜内存管理肯定有问题，我通过任务管理器证明我是对的。

我查看了我的源代码，但没有发现任何问题。 （至少我没有找到它）我删除的每个堆对象都被释放并且纹理被破坏。 那么，可能是什么问题？

这是我的源代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define SDL_MAIN_HANDLED
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL_ttf.h>

SDL_Window * window;
SDL_Renderer * renderer;
SDL_Surface * text;
TTF_Font* font;

bool running = true;

#define ScreenWidth 60
#define ScreenHeight 30
#define CharWidth 14
#define CharHeight 24

char screen[ScreenHeight][ScreenWidth + 1];

SDL_Color color = {192, 192, 192};
SDL_Rect rect;

int score = 0;

char shapes[7][17];

typedef struct Block {
    int type;
    char shape[17];
    int x, y;
    int width, height;
} Block;

Block * newBlock(int type) {
    Block * block = malloc(sizeof(Block));
    return block;
}

void CheckEvents() {
    SDL_Event event;
    while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
        if (event.type == SDL_QUIT) {
            running = false;
        } else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN) {
            switch (event.key.keysym.sym) {
                case SDLK_w:
                    ;
                    break;

                case SDLK_a:
                    ;
                    break;

                case SDLK_d:
                    ;
                    break;

                case SDLK_s:
                    ;
                    break;

                case SDLK_SPACE:
                    ;
                    break;

                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    free(&event);
}

void UpdateBoard() {
    for (int i = 0; i < ScreenHeight; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < ScreenWidth; ++j) {
            screen[i][j] = ' ';
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i != 20; ++i) {
        screen[i + 2][1] = '#';
        screen[i + 2][1 + 10 + 1] = '#';
    }

    for (int i = 0; i != 10 + 2; ++i) {
        screen[22][i + 1] = '#';
    }

    sprintf(&(screen[0][1]), "Score: %d", score);

    for (int i = 0; i != ScreenHeight; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j != ScreenWidth; j++) {
            if (screen[i][j] == '\0') {
                screen[i][j] = ' ';
            }
        }
    }
}

void UpdateScreen() {
    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 255);
    SDL_RenderClear(renderer);

    for (int i = 0; i < ScreenHeight; ++i) {
        text = TTF_RenderText_Solid(font, screen[i], color);
        SDL_Texture * texture;
        texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, text);
        rect.x = 0;
        rect.y = i * CharHeight;
        rect.w = strlen(screen[i]) * CharWidth;
        rect.h = CharHeight;
        SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture, NULL, &rect);
        free(texture);
        SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
    }

    SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}

void Init() {
    SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING);
    TTF_Init();

    window = SDL_CreateWindow("Tetris", SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED, 
            ScreenWidth * CharWidth, ScreenHeight * CharHeight, 0);
    renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, 0);
    font = TTF_OpenFont("s8514oem.fon", 0);

    sprintf(shapes[0], "OOOO............");
    sprintf(shapes[1], "OO...OO.........");
    sprintf(shapes[2], ".OO.OO..........");
    sprintf(shapes[3], "O...OOO.........");
    sprintf(shapes[4], "..O.OOO.........");
    sprintf(shapes[5], "OO..OO..........");
    sprintf(shapes[6], "OOO..O..........");
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    Init();

    while (running) {
        CheckEvents();
        UpdateBoard();
        UpdateScreen();
        SDL_Delay(1000/16);
    }

    TTF_Quit();
    SDL_Quit();
    return 0;
}

我的制作文件：

tetris:
    gcc -std=c99 -Wall -Isrc/include -Lsrc/lib -o Tetris main.c -lSDL2main -lSDL2 -lSDL2_ttf

Answer 1

几件事：

1. 不要尝试free()堆栈分配的变量，例如event ：

    //free(&event);

2. 在用来自TTF_RenderText_Solid()的新指针值替换其指针值之前，需要使用SDL_FreeSurface()释放text ：

    if(text) { SDL_FreeSurface(text); } text = TTF_RenderText_Solid(font, screen[i], color);

3. 不要在SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface()返回的纹理上使用free() ) ，只使用SDL_DestroyTexture() ：

    texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, text); ... //free(texture); SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);