Python Selenium Webdriver 在无头模式下不工作

Question

无法在无头模式下创建 Python Chrome WebDriver。

我使用的是 Chrome 版本 108.0.5359.94。

我还使用Service(ChromeDriverManager().install())自动安装兼容的 chromewebdriver。

注意：如果我下载适用的 chrome webdriver 而不是使用可执行文件路径的服务，则会发生相同的结果。

重新创建它的代码非常简单。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

chrome_options = Options()
# chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
chrome_options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=9222')
chrome_options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=chrome_options)
print(driver)

在常规（非无头）模式下运行时，我得到了 webdriver object 的预期打印：

python selenium_test.py 
<selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver (session="9b6ec32017d8d864f8e2061293faee40")>

但是当以无头模式运行时（相同的代码只是从无头选项行中删除标记），我收到以下错误：

python selenium_test.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/boazz/PycharmProjects/pythonProject/selenium_test.py", line 10, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()), options=chrome_options)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 92, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 270, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 363, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 428, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/home/boazz/.virtualenvs/reigo_qa_39/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 243, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
#0 0x5588159a82a3 <unknown>
#1 0x558815766f77 <unknown>
#2 0x55881578f5f7 <unknown>
#3 0x55881578b7d0 <unknown>
#4 0x5588157cc0b7 <unknown>
#5 0x5588157cba5f <unknown>
#6 0x5588157c3903 <unknown>
#7 0x558815796ece <unknown>
#8 0x558815797fde <unknown>
#9 0x5588159f863e <unknown>
#10 0x5588159fbb79 <unknown>
#11 0x5588159de89e <unknown>
#12 0x5588159fca83 <unknown>
#13 0x5588159d1505 <unknown>
#14 0x558815a1dca8 <unknown>
#15 0x558815a1de36 <unknown>
#16 0x558815a39333 <unknown>
#17 0x7fa6443c0b43 <unknown>

无论我是否使用无头选项，我都希望创建 chrome 驱动程序。 可能是什么原因造成的？

Answer 1

这里的问题是您尝试设置用于调试的端口。
我尝试了您的代码，它对我也不起作用，但是当我将端口从9222更改为61625时，它起作用了。
所以，至少对我来说这是有效的：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.headless = True
options.add_argument('--remote-debugging-port=61625')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')

webdriver_service = Service('C:\webdrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=webdriver_service, options=options)
print(driver)

output 是

<selenium.webdriver.chrome.webdriver.WebDriver (session="70ca99a865d0eb7b93a95f530ef1401b")>