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SwiftUI中LazyVStack如何设置自定义预取时间?

[英]How to set a custom prefetching time for LazyVStack in SwiftUI?

TL;DR:是否有一些参数或方法来设置 LazyVStack 初始化视图的偏移量?

LazyVStack 懒惰地初始化视图,所以当我滚动时,下一个(几个?)视图被初始化。 我在绘制视图后加载图像,使用 swift 中的 SDWebImage Package。这需要几毫秒的时间,并且由于我使用的是 LazyVStack,如果快速滚动(即使在合理的限制内),占位符会在短时间内可见,因为刚刚(太)不久前创建了视图。 如果我滚动得非常慢,图像会在视图出现之前加载,因此不会显示任何占位符。

如果我能让 LazyVStack 早几毫秒初始化视图,我的问题就会消失......

曾经认为这是一个非常普遍的问题,将此初始化时间恰到好处,以免加载太早或太晚..但文档中根本没有关于此的内容

这个过程称为prefetching - 因为你正在预取它们所以它看起来很平滑 -

抱歉,现在无法在 SwiftUI 中访问LazyVStack的预取。 另外,请记住,SwiftUI 的GridLazyH/VStack的性能都不如UIKitUICollectionView 所以你可以在这里做的是你可以在你的集合视图数据中使用UICollectionViewUICollectionViewDataSourcePrefetching协议。

我使用SDWebImage库从 inte.net 获取图像( UIKit最受欢迎的库之一)

我试图解释一切,所以请注意它们,这就是它的样子: 动图

这是代码:

import SwiftUI
import SDWebImage

struct CollectionView: UIViewRepresentable {
    let items: [String]
    
    func makeUIView(context: Context) -> UICollectionView {
        let collectionView = UICollectionView(frame: .zero, collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout())
        collectionView.register(ImageCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "ImageCell")
        collectionView.delegate = context.coordinator
        collectionView.dataSource = context.coordinator
        return collectionView
    }
    
    func updateUIView(_ uiView: UICollectionView, context: Context) {
        // Reload the collection view data if the items array changes
        uiView.reloadData()
    }
    
    func makeCoordinator() -> Coordinator {
        Coordinator(self)
    }
    
    class Coordinator: NSObject, UICollectionViewDelegate, UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout, UICollectionViewDataSourcePrefetching {
        let parent: CollectionView
        
        init(_ collectionView: CollectionView) {
            self.parent = collectionView
        }
        
        func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int {
            return parent.items.count
        }
        
        func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell {
            let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: "ImageCell", for: indexPath) as! ImageCell
            let item = parent.items[indexPath.item]
            
            // Set the progress of the progress view as the image is being downloaded
            cell.progressView.progress = 0.0
            SDWebImageDownloader.shared.downloadImage(with: URL(string: item), options: .highPriority, progress: { (receivedSize, expectedSize, url) in
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    cell.progressView.progress = Float(receivedSize) / Float(expectedSize)
                }
            }) { (image, data, error, finished) in
                DispatchQueue.main.async {
                    cell.imageView.sd_setImage(with: URL(string: item))
                    cell.progressView.isHidden = true
                }
            }
            return cell
        }
        
        func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize {
            return CGSize(width: 100, height: 100)
        }
        
        // MARK: - UICollectionViewDataSourcePrefetching
        
        func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, prefetchItemsAt indexPaths: [IndexPath]) {
            // Filter the index paths to only include the ones that are within the desired range, trick relies on here
            // In our example, i'm fetching 6 items beforehand which equals 2 rows, so i'm prefetching 2 rows beforehand. you can increase that amount if you w ant to
            let prefetchIndexPaths = indexPaths.filter { $0.item < collectionView.numberOfItems(inSection: $0.section) - 6 }
            let urls = prefetchIndexPaths.compactMap { URL(string: self.parent.items[$0.item])! }
            SDWebImagePrefetcher.shared.prefetchURLs(urls)
        }
        
        func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cancelPrefetchingForItemsAt indexPaths: [IndexPath]) {
            // Cancel the prefetching for the given index paths, this is not required but i wanted to add it
            let urls = indexPaths.map { URL(string: self.parent.items[$0.item]) }
        }
    }
}

class ImageCell: UICollectionViewCell {
    let imageView = UIImageView()
    let progressView = UIProgressView()
    
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        addSubview(imageView)
        addSubview(progressView)
        // if you're not familiar with uikit this is just a disgusting uikit code to make proper layouts :(
        progressView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        progressView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor).isActive = true
        progressView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor).isActive = true
        progressView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor).isActive = true
        
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        imageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: progressView.bottomAnchor).isActive = true
        imageView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: bottomAnchor).isActive = true
        imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leadingAnchor).isActive = true
        imageView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: trailingAnchor).isActive = true
    }
    
    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")
    }
}

以下是如何将它实现到 swiftui:


struct ContentView: View {
    var items : [String] {
        var i = 0
        var _items = [String]()
        while (i < 900) {
            _items.append("https://picsum.photos/\(Int.random(in: 300..<600))/\(Int.random(in: 300..<600))")
            i = i + 1
        }
        return _items
    }
    
    var body: some View {
        CollectionView(items: items)
    }
}

struct ContentView_Previews: PreviewProvider {
    static var previews: some View {
        ContentView()
    }
}

我使用了 lorem picsum,这是一个用于生成随机图像的网站,这就是为什么你看到图像在我的样本(白色的)中随机重新加载,在你的情况下,这应该不是问题

由于我之前使用SDWebImageSwiftUI ,因此在视图开始初始化之前只需调用以下命令即可解决我的问题:

SDWebImagePrefetcher.shared.prefetchURLs(urls) { finishedCount, skippedCount in
     print("preloading complete")
}

然后在我的 LazyVStack 中使用:

LazyVStack {
     ForEach(items, id: \.self) { item in
             ItemView(item: item)
                   .onAppear {
                        // calling function to prefetch next x-items by their url
                  }
            }
     }
}

在 SwiftUI 中,我们可以使用“LazyVStack”视图实现预取,这使我们能够高效地渲染垂直堆栈中的大量项目。

LazyVStack {
    ForEach(data, id: \.self) { item in
        Text(item.attribute)
    }
}

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