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你如何使用python遍历目录?

[英]How do you walk through the directories using python?

我有一个文件夹叫做notes,自然会被归类到文件夹中,在这些文件夹中也会有子目录的子文件夹。 现在我的问题是我有一个遍历 3 个子目录级别的函数:

def obtainFiles(path):
      list_of_files = {}
      for element in os.listdir(path):
          # if the element is an html file then..
          if element[-5:] == ".html":
              list_of_files[element] = path + "/" + element
          else: # element is a folder therefore a category
              category = os.path.join(path, element)
              # go through the category dir
              for element_2 in os.listdir(category):
                  dir_level_2 = os.path.join(path,element + "/" + element_2)
                  if element_2[-5:] == ".html":
                      print "- found file: " + element_2
                      # add the file to the list of files
                      list_of_files[element_2] = dir_level_2
                  elif os.path.isdir(element_2):
                      subcategory = dir_level_2
                      # go through the subcategory dir
                      for element_3 in os.listdir(subcategory):
                          subcategory_path = subcategory + "/" + element_3
                        if subcategory_path[-5:] == ".html":
                            print "- found file: " + element_3
                            list_of_files[element_3] = subcategory_path
                        else:
                            for element_4 in os.listdir(subcategory_path):
                                 print "- found file:" + element_4

请注意,这仍然是一项正在进行的工作。 在我看来它非常丑陋......我在这里试图实现的是遍历所有文件夹和子文件夹并将所有文件名放入名为“list_of_files”的字典中,名称为“key”,并且完整路径作为“值”。 该函数还不能完全工作,但想知道如何使用 os.walk 函数来做类似的事情?

谢谢

根据您的简短描述,这样的事情应该有效:

list_of_files = {}
for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(path):
    for filename in filenames:
        if filename.endswith('.html'): 
            list_of_files[filename] = os.sep.join([dirpath, filename])

另一种方法是使用生成器,以@ig0774 的代码为基础

import os
def walk_through_files(path, file_extension='.html'):
   for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(path):
      for filename in filenames:
         if filename.endswith(file_extension): 
            yield os.path.join(dirpath, filename)

进而

for fname in walk_through_files():
    print(fname)

我多次遇到过这个问题,但没有一个答案让我满意 - 所以为此创建了一个脚本 在遍历目录时,Python 使用起来非常麻烦。

以下是它的使用方法:

import file_walker


for f in file_walker.walk("/a/path"):
     print(f.name, f.full_path) # Name is without extension
     if f.isDirectory: # Check if object is directory
         for sub_f in f.walk(): # Easily walk on new levels
             if sub_f.isFile: # Check if object is file (= !isDirectory)
                 print(sub_f.extension) # Print file extension
                 with sub_f.open("r") as open_f: # Easily open file
                     print(open_f.read())
                
            

你可以这样做:

list_of_files = dict([ (file, os.sep.join((dir, file)))
                       for (dir,dirs,files) in os.walk(path)
                       for file in files
                       if file[-5:] == '.html' ])

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