[英]C# - compare two SecureStrings for equality
我有一个带有两个PasswordBox的WPF应用程序,一个用于密码,另一个用于第二次输入密码以进行确认。 我想使用PasswordBox.SecurePassword
来获取PasswordBox.SecurePassword
的SecureString
,但是在接受密码之前,我需要能够比较两个PasswordBoxes的内容以确保相等性。 但是,两个相同的SecureString不视为相等:
var secString1 = new SecureString();
var secString2 = new SecureString();
foreach (char c in "testing")
{
secString1.AppendChar(c);
secString2.AppendChar(c);
}
Assert.AreEqual(secString1, secString2); // This fails
我当时想比较Password
属性将无法访问仅访问SecurePassword
的观点,因为我正在读取纯文本密码。 在不牺牲安全性的情况下如何比较两个密码?
编辑 :基于此问题 ,我正在查看有关“使用Marshal类将SecureString转换为ANSI或Unicode或BSTR的安全” 这篇博客文章 ,然后也许我可以进行比较。
这没有不安全的块,并且不会以明文形式显示密码:
public static bool IsEqualTo(this SecureString ss1, SecureString ss2)
{
IntPtr bstr1 = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr bstr2 = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
bstr1 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(ss1);
bstr2 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(ss2);
int length1 = Marshal.ReadInt32(bstr1, -4);
int length2 = Marshal.ReadInt32(bstr2, -4);
if (length1 == length2)
{
for (int x = 0; x < length1; ++x)
{
byte b1 = Marshal.ReadByte(bstr1, x);
byte b2 = Marshal.ReadByte(bstr2, x);
if (b1 != b2) return false;
}
}
else return false;
return true;
}
finally
{
if (bstr2 != IntPtr.Zero) Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr2);
if (bstr1 != IntPtr.Zero) Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr1);
}
}
编辑:修复了Alex J建议的泄漏。
看来您可以使用它来比较两个SecureStrings
。
它使用不安全的代码遍历字符串:
bool SecureStringEqual(SecureString s1, SecureString s2)
{
if (s1 == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("s1");
}
if (s2 == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("s2");
}
if (s1.Length != s2.Length)
{
return false;
}
IntPtr bstr1 = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr bstr2 = IntPtr.Zero;
RuntimeHelpers.PrepareConstrainedRegions();
try
{
bstr1 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(s1);
bstr2 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(s2);
unsafe
{
for (Char* ptr1 = (Char*)bstr1.ToPointer(), ptr2 = (Char*)bstr2.ToPointer();
*ptr1 != 0 && *ptr2 != 0;
++ptr1, ++ptr2)
{
if (*ptr1 != *ptr2)
{
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
finally
{
if (bstr1 != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr1);
}
if (bstr2 != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(bstr2);
}
}
}
我在下面对其进行了修改,以使其在没有不安全代码的情况下可以工作(但是请注意,在调试时,您可以看到纯文本形式的字符串):
Boolean SecureStringEqual(SecureString secureString1, SecureString secureString2)
{
if (secureString1 == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("s1");
}
if (secureString2 == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("s2");
}
if (secureString1.Length != secureString2.Length)
{
return false;
}
IntPtr ss_bstr1_ptr = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr ss_bstr2_ptr = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
ss_bstr1_ptr = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(secureString1);
ss_bstr2_ptr = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(secureString2);
String str1 = Marshal.PtrToStringBSTR(ss_bstr1_ptr);
String str2 = Marshal.PtrToStringBSTR(ss_bstr2_ptr);
return str1.Equals(str2);
}
finally
{
if (ss_bstr1_ptr != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(ss_bstr1_ptr);
}
if (ss_bstr2_ptr != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(ss_bstr2_ptr);
}
}
}
将@NikolaNovák答案翻译为纯PowerShell:
param(
[Parameter(mandatory=$true,position=0)][SecureString]$ss1,
[Parameter(mandatory=$true,position=1)][SecureString]$ss2
)
function IsEqualTo{
param(
[Parameter(mandatory=$true,position=0)][SecureString]$ss1,
[Parameter(mandatory=$true,position=1)][SecureString]$ss2
)
begin{
[IntPtr] $bstr1 = [IntPtr]::Zero;
[IntPtr] $bstr2 = [IntPtr]::Zero;
[bool]$answer=$true;
}
process{
try{
$bstr1 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($ss1);
$bstr2 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR($ss2);
[int]$length1 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReadInt32($bstr1, -4);
[int]$length2 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReadInt32($bstr2, -4);
if ($length1 -eq $length2){
for ([int]$x -eq 0; $x -lt $length1; ++$x){
[byte]$b1 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReadByte($bstr1, $x);
[byte]$b2 = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReadByte($bstr2, $x);
if ($b1 -ne $b2){
$answer=$false;
}
}
}
else{ $answer=$false;}
}
catch{
}
finally
{
if ($bstr2 -ne [IntPtr]::Zero){ [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ZeroFreeBSTR($bstr2)};
if ($bstr1 -ne [IntPtr]::Zero){ [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ZeroFreeBSTR($bstr1)};
}
}
END{
return $answer
}
}
IsEqualTo -ss1 $ss1 -ss2 $ss2
您可以采用其他方法。 我在代码中遇到了相同的问题,即密码和确认的比较,均为SecureString类型。 我意识到最终的目标是新密码需要以base-64字符串形式存储在数据库中。 因此,我要做的只是将确认字符串通过相同的代码传递,就好像要将其写入数据库一样。 然后,当我有两个base-64字符串时,我将在此时进行比较,这是一个简单的字符串比较。
将所有故障传达回UI层确实需要花费更多时间,但最终结果似乎可以接受。 希望该代码足以给出基本思想。
private string CalculateHash( SecureString securePasswordString, string saltString )
{
IntPtr unmanagedString = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
unmanagedString = Marshal.SecureStringToGlobalAllocUnicode( securePasswordString );
byte[] passwordBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( Marshal.PtrToStringUni( unmanagedString ) );
byte[] saltBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( saltString );
byte[] passwordPlusSaltBytes = new byte[ passwordBytes.Length + saltBytes.Length ];
Buffer.BlockCopy( passwordBytes, 0, passwordPlusSaltBytes, 0, passwordBytes.Length );
Buffer.BlockCopy( saltBytes, 0, passwordPlusSaltBytes, passwordBytes.Length, saltBytes.Length );
HashAlgorithm algorithm = new SHA256Managed();
return Convert.ToBase64String( algorithm.ComputeHash( passwordPlusSaltBytes ) );
}
finally
{
if( unmanagedString != IntPtr.Zero )
Marshal.ZeroFreeGlobalAllocUnicode( unmanagedString );
}
}
string passwordSalt = "INSERT YOUR CHOSEN METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING A PASSWORD SALT HERE";
string passwordHashed = CalculateHash( securePasswordString, passwordSalt );
string confirmPasswordHashed = CalculateHash( secureConfirmPasswordString, passwordSalt );
if( passwordHashed == confirmPasswordHashed )
{
// Both matched so go ahead and persist the new password.
}
else
{
// Strings don't match, so communicate the failure back to the UI.
}
我是安全编程的新手,因此欢迎提出任何改进建议。
如果代码在Windows Vista或更高版本上运行,则此版本基于Windows CompareStringOrdinal函数,因此没有纯文本,所有缓冲区均不受管理。 好处是它支持不区分大小写的比较。
public static bool EqualsOrdinal(this SecureString text1, SecureString text2, bool ignoreCase = false)
{
if (text1 == text2)
return true;
if (text1 == null)
return text2 == null;
if (text2 == null)
return false;
if (text1.Length != text2.Length)
return false;
var b1 = IntPtr.Zero;
var b2 = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
b1 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(text1);
b2 = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(text2);
return CompareStringOrdinal(b1, text1.Length, b2, text2.Length, ignoreCase) == CSTR_EQUAL;
}
finally
{
if (b1 != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(b1);
}
if (b2 != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(b2);
}
}
}
public static bool EqualsOrdinal(this SecureString text1, string text2, bool ignoreCase = false)
{
if (text1 == null)
return text2 == null;
if (text2 == null)
return false;
if (text1.Length != text2.Length)
return false;
var b = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
b = Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(text1);
return CompareStringOrdinal(b, text1.Length, text2, text2.Length, ignoreCase) == CSTR_EQUAL;
}
finally
{
if (b != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.ZeroFreeBSTR(b);
}
}
}
private const int CSTR_EQUAL = 2;
[DllImport("kernel32")]
private static extern int CompareStringOrdinal(IntPtr lpString1, int cchCount1, IntPtr lpString2, int cchCount2, bool bIgnoreCase);
[DllImport("kernel32")]
private static extern int CompareStringOrdinal(IntPtr lpString1, int cchCount1, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string lpString2, int cchCount2, bool bIgnoreCase);
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