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如何在 Django 中获取用户 IP 地址?

[英]How do I get user IP address in Django?

如何在 Django 中获取用户的 IP?

我有这样的看法:

# Create your views
from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
from django.template import  RequestContext
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def home(request):
  g = GeoIP()
  client_ip = request.META['REMOTE_ADDR']
  lat,long = g.lat_lon(client_ip)
  return render_to_response('home_page_tmp.html',locals())

但我收到此错误:

KeyError at /mypage/
    'REMOTE_ADDR'
    Request Method: GET
    Request URL:    http://mywebsite.example/mypage/
    Django Version: 1.2.4
    Exception Type: KeyError
    Exception Value:
    'REMOTE_ADDR'
    Exception Location: /mysite/homepage/views.py in home, line 9
    Python Executable:  /usr/bin/python
    Python Version: 2.6.6
    Python Path:    ['/mysite', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/flup-1.0.2-py2.6.egg', '/usr/lib/python2.6', '/usr/lib/python2.6/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-old', '/usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.6']
    Server time:    Sun, 2 Jan 2011 20:42:50 -0600
def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

确保您正确配置了反向代理(如果有)(例如为 Apache 安装了mod_rpaf )。

注意:上面使用X-Forwarded-For中的第一项,但您可能希望使用最后一项(例如,在 Heroku 的情况下: Get client's real IP address on Heroku

然后将请求作为参数传递给它;

get_client_ip(request)

HttpRequest.META 的 Django 文档

您可以使用支持 Python 23并处理IPv4IPv6的 django-ipware

安装:

pip install django-ipware

简单用法:

# In a view or a middleware where the `request` object is available

from ipware import get_client_ip
ip, is_routable = get_client_ip(request)
if ip is None:
    # Unable to get the client's IP address
else:
    # We got the client's IP address
    if is_routable:
        # The client's IP address is publicly routable on the Internet
    else:
        # The client's IP address is private

# Order of precedence is (Public, Private, Loopback, None)

高级用法:

  • 自定义标头 - ipware 要查看的自定义请求标头:

     i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR']) i, r = get_client_ip(request, request_header_order=['X_FORWARDED_FOR', 'REMOTE_ADDR'])
  • 代理计数 - Django 服务器位于固定数量的代理后面:

     i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_count=1)
  • 受信任的代理 - Django 服务器位于一个或多个已知且受信任的代理后面:

     i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2')) # For multiple proxies, simply add them to the list i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.2.2', '177.3.3.3')) # For proxies with fixed sub-domain and dynamic IP addresses, use partial pattern i, r = get_client_ip(request, proxy_trusted_ips=('177.2.', '177.3.'))

注意:阅读本通知

Alexander 的回答很好,但缺少对有时在 HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR 标头中返回多个 IP 的代理的处理。

真实 IP 通常位于列表末尾,如下所述: http ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For

解决方案是简单修改 Alexander 的代码:

def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[-1].strip()
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

不再混淆在最近的 Django 版本中,明确提到客户端的 IP 地址可在

request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")

有关更多信息,请查看Django 文档

我想建议对 yanchenko 的回答进行改进。

我没有取 X_FORWARDED_FOR 列表中的第一个 ip,而是取第一个不属于已知内部 ip 的 IP,因为某些路由器不遵守协议,您可以将内部 ips 视为列表的第一个值。

PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX = ('10.', '172.', '192.', )

def get_client_ip(request):
    """get the client ip from the request
    """
    remote_address = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    # set the default value of the ip to be the REMOTE_ADDR if available
    # else None
    ip = remote_address
    # try to get the first non-proxy ip (not a private ip) from the
    # HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        proxies = x_forwarded_for.split(',')
        # remove the private ips from the beginning
        while (len(proxies) > 0 and
                proxies[0].startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX)):
            proxies.pop(0)
        # take the first ip which is not a private one (of a proxy)
        if len(proxies) > 0:
            ip = proxies[0]

    return ip

我希望这对有同样问题的谷歌同事有所帮助。

这是一个简短的班轮来实现这一点:

request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '')).split(',')[0].strip()

在我的情况下,以上都不起作用,所以我必须检查uwsgi + django源代码并在 nginx 中传递静态参数,看看为什么/如何,下面是我发现的。

环境信息:
蟒蛇版本: 2.7.5
Django 版本: (1, 6, 6, 'final', 0)
nginx版本: nginx/1.6.0
uwsgi: 2.0.7

环境设置信息:
nginx 作为反向代理监听80端口 uwsgi 作为上游 unix 套接字,最终将响应请求

Django 配置信息:

USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST = True # with or without this line does not matter

nginx配置:

uwsgi_param      X-Real-IP              $remote_addr;
// uwsgi_param   X-Forwarded-For        $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
// uwsgi_param   HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

// hardcode for testing
uwsgi_param      X-Forwarded-For        "10.10.10.10";
uwsgi_param      HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR   "20.20.20.20";

获取 django 应用程序中的所有参数:

X-Forwarded-For :       10.10.10.10
HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR :  20.20.20.20

结论:

所以基本上,你必须在 nginx 中指定完全相同的字段/参数名称,并在 django 应用程序中使用request.META[field/param]

现在您可以决定是添加中间件(拦截器)还是仅在某些视图中解析HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR

最简单的解决方案(如果您使用的是 fastcgi+nignx)是 itgorilla 评论的:

谢谢你提出这个好问题。 我的 fastcgi 没有通过 REMOTE_ADDR 元键。 我在 nginx.conf 中添加了以下行并修复了问题:fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; – 伊大猩猩

Ps:我添加这个答案只是为了让他的解决方案更加明显。

最初从 Django 中删除该功能的原因是标头最终不能被信任。 原因是它很容易被欺骗。 例如,配置 Nginx 反向代理的推荐方法是:

add_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
add_header X-Real-Ip       $remote_addr;

当你这样做时:

curl -H 'X-Forwarded-For: 8.8.8.8, 192.168.1.2' http://192.168.1.3/

您在myhost.example中的 Nginx 将继续发送:

X-Forwarded-For: 8.8.8.8, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3

如果您盲目地按照说明操作, X-Real-IP将是第一个代理的 IP。

如果信任您的用户是一个问题,您可以尝试类似django-xffhttps ://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-xff/

我在上面的答案中也缺少代理。 我使用了get_ip_address_from_requestget_ip_address_from_request

from easy_timezones.utils import get_ip_address_from_request, is_valid_ip, is_local_ip
ip = get_ip_address_from_request(request)
try:
    if is_valid_ip(ip):
        geoip_record = IpRange.objects.by_ip(ip)
except IpRange.DoesNotExist:
    return None

这里是get_ip_address_from_request方法,准备好 IPv4 和 IPv6:

def get_ip_address_from_request(request):
    """ Makes the best attempt to get the client's real IP or return the loopback """
    PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX = ('10.', '172.', '192.', '127.')
    ip_address = ''
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', '')
    if x_forwarded_for and ',' not in x_forwarded_for:
        if not x_forwarded_for.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(x_forwarded_for):
            ip_address = x_forwarded_for.strip()
    else:
        ips = [ip.strip() for ip in x_forwarded_for.split(',')]
        for ip in ips:
            if ip.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX):
                continue
            elif not is_valid_ip(ip):
                continue
            else:
                ip_address = ip
                break
    if not ip_address:
        x_real_ip = request.META.get('HTTP_X_REAL_IP', '')
        if x_real_ip:
            if not x_real_ip.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(x_real_ip):
                ip_address = x_real_ip.strip()
    if not ip_address:
        remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR', '')
        if remote_addr:
            if not remote_addr.startswith(PRIVATE_IPS_PREFIX) and is_valid_ip(remote_addr):
                ip_address = remote_addr.strip()
    if not ip_address:
        ip_address = '127.0.0.1'
    return ip_address

在 django.VERSION (2, 1, 1, 'final', 0) 请求处理程序中

sock=request._stream.stream.raw._sock
#<socket.socket fd=1236, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, laddr=('192.168.1.111', 8000), raddr=('192.168.1.111', 64725)>
client_ip,port=sock.getpeername()

如果你两次调用上面的代码,你可能会得到

AttributeError("'_io.BytesIO' 对象没有属性 'stream'",)

AttributeError("'LimitedStream' 对象没有属性 'raw'")

只需添加

{{ request.META.REMOTE_ADDR }}

在 Django-Template 中,您希望用户看到他们的 IP 地址。 也就是说,如果您对将其保存到数据库不感兴趣。

获得 ip 地址后,您需要找到位置

# pip install geocoder

import geocoder

def get_client_ip(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
        ip_location = geocoder.ip(f"{ip}")
        ip_location = geocoder.ip("me")
        print(ip_location.city)
        # you can get city such as "New York"
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

使用这个 function 获取 ip 地址:

def get_ip_address(request):
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

之后,您可以从 web 应用程序http://www.iplocinfo.com/获取用户位置数据和其他信息:

import requests
def get_ip_data(request):
    ip_address = get_ip_address(request)
    api_key = "your api key"
    endPoint = f'https://www.iplocinfo.com/api/v1/{ip_address}?apiKey={api_key}'
    data = requests.get(endPoint)
    return data.json()

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