[英]Parsing an ISO8601 date/time (including TimeZone) in Excel
我需要在 Excel/VBA 中将包含时区(来自外部源)的 ISO8601 日期/时间格式解析为正常的 Excel 日期。 据我所知,Excel XP(这是我们正在使用的)没有内置的例程,所以我想我正在查看自定义 VBA function 进行解析。
ISO8601 日期时间看起来像以下之一:
2011-01-01
2011-01-01T12:00:00Z
2011-01-01T12:00:00+05:00
2011-01-01T12:00:00-05:00
2011-01-01T12:00:00.05381+05:00
有一种(相当)简单的方法可以使用公式而不是宏来解析不带时区的 ISO 时间戳。 这不完全是原始海报所要求的,但我在尝试解析 Excel 中的 ISO 时间戳时发现了这个问题,并发现此解决方案很有用,所以我想我会在这里分享。
以下公式将解析 ISO 时间戳,同样没有时区:
=DATEVALUE(MID(A1,1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(A1,12,8))
这将生成浮点格式的日期,然后您可以使用普通 Excel 格式将其格式化为日期。
很多谷歌搜索都没有发现任何东西,所以我写了自己的例程。 将其张贴在此处以供将来参考:
Option Explicit
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Declarations must be at the top -- see below
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Declare Function SystemTimeToFileTime Lib _
"kernel32" (lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME, _
lpFileTime As FILETIME) As Long
Public Declare Function FileTimeToLocalFileTime Lib _
"kernel32" (lpLocalFileTime As FILETIME, _
lpFileTime As FILETIME) As Long
Public Declare Function FileTimeToSystemTime Lib _
"kernel32" (lpFileTime As FILETIME, lpSystemTime _
As SYSTEMTIME) As Long
Public Type FILETIME
dwLowDateTime As Long
dwHighDateTime As Long
End Type
Public Type SYSTEMTIME
wYear As Integer
wMonth As Integer
wDayOfWeek As Integer
wDay As Integer
wHour As Integer
wMinute As Integer
wSecond As Integer
wMilliseconds As Integer
End Type
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Convert ISO8601 dateTimes to Excel Dates
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function ISODATE(iso As String)
' Find location of delimiters in input string
Dim tPos As Integer: tPos = InStr(iso, "T")
If tPos = 0 Then tPos = Len(iso) + 1
Dim zPos As Integer: zPos = InStr(iso, "Z")
If zPos = 0 Then zPos = InStr(iso, "+")
If zPos = 0 Then zPos = InStr(tPos, iso, "-")
If zPos = 0 Then zPos = Len(iso) + 1
If zPos = tPos Then zPos = tPos + 1
' Get the relevant parts out
Dim datePart As String: datePart = Mid(iso, 1, tPos - 1)
Dim timePart As String: timePart = Mid(iso, tPos + 1, zPos - tPos - 1)
Dim dotPos As Integer: dotPos = InStr(timePart, ".")
If dotPos = 0 Then dotPos = Len(timePart) + 1
timePart = Left(timePart, dotPos - 1)
' Have them parsed separately by Excel
Dim d As Date: d = DateValue(datePart)
Dim t As Date: If timePart <> "" Then t = TimeValue(timePart)
Dim dt As Date: dt = d + t
' Add the timezone
Dim tz As String: tz = Mid(iso, zPos)
If tz <> "" And Left(tz, 1) <> "Z" Then
Dim colonPos As Integer: colonPos = InStr(tz, ":")
If colonPos = 0 Then colonPos = Len(tz) + 1
Dim minutes As Integer: minutes = CInt(Mid(tz, 2, colonPos - 2)) * 60 + CInt(Mid(tz, colonPos + 1))
If Left(tz, 1) = "+" Then minutes = -minutes
dt = DateAdd("n", minutes, dt)
End If
' Return value is the ISO8601 date in the local time zone
dt = UTCToLocalTime(dt)
ISODATE = dt
End Function
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Got this function to convert local date to UTC date from
' http://excel.tips.net/Pages/T002185_Automatically_Converting_to_GMT.html
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function UTCToLocalTime(dteTime As Date) As Date
Dim infile As FILETIME
Dim outfile As FILETIME
Dim insys As SYSTEMTIME
Dim outsys As SYSTEMTIME
insys.wYear = CInt(Year(dteTime))
insys.wMonth = CInt(Month(dteTime))
insys.wDay = CInt(Day(dteTime))
insys.wHour = CInt(Hour(dteTime))
insys.wMinute = CInt(Minute(dteTime))
insys.wSecond = CInt(Second(dteTime))
Call SystemTimeToFileTime(insys, infile)
Call FileTimeToLocalFileTime(infile, outfile)
Call FileTimeToSystemTime(outfile, outsys)
UTCToLocalTime = CDate(outsys.wMonth & "/" & _
outsys.wDay & "/" & _
outsys.wYear & " " & _
outsys.wHour & ":" & _
outsys.wMinute & ":" & _
outsys.wSecond)
End Function
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Tests for the ISO Date functions
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Sub ISODateTest()
' [[ Verify that all dateTime formats parse sucesfully ]]
Dim d1 As Date: d1 = ISODATE("2011-01-01")
Dim d2 As Date: d2 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T00:00:00")
Dim d3 As Date: d3 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T00:00:00Z")
Dim d4 As Date: d4 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00Z")
Dim d5 As Date: d5 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00+05:00")
Dim d6 As Date: d6 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00-05:00")
Dim d7 As Date: d7 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00.05381+05:00")
AssertEqual "Date and midnight", d1, d2
AssertEqual "With and without Z", d2, d3
AssertEqual "With timezone", -5, DateDiff("h", d4, d5)
AssertEqual "Timezone Difference", 10, DateDiff("h", d5, d6)
AssertEqual "Ignore subsecond", d5, d7
' [[ Independence of local DST ]]
' Verify that a date in winter and a date in summer parse to the same Hour value
Dim w As Date: w = ISODATE("2010-02-23T21:04:48+01:00")
Dim s As Date: s = ISODATE("2010-07-23T21:04:48+01:00")
AssertEqual "Winter/Summer hours", Hour(w), Hour(s)
MsgBox "All tests passed succesfully!"
End Sub
Sub AssertEqual(name, x, y)
If x <> y Then Err.Raise 1234, Description:="Failed: " & name & ": '" & x & "' <> '" & y & "'"
End Sub
我会将此作为评论发布,但我没有足够的代表 - 对不起! 这对我来说真的很有用 - 感谢 rix0rrr,但我注意到 UTCToLocalTime 函数在最后构造日期时需要考虑区域设置。 这是我在英国使用的版本 - 注意 wDay 和 wMonth 的顺序是相反的:
Public Function UTCToLocalTime(dteTime As Date) As Date
Dim infile As FILETIME
Dim outfile As FILETIME
Dim insys As SYSTEMTIME
Dim outsys As SYSTEMTIME
insys.wYear = CInt(Year(dteTime))
insys.wMonth = CInt(Month(dteTime))
insys.wDay = CInt(Day(dteTime))
insys.wHour = CInt(Hour(dteTime))
insys.wMinute = CInt(Minute(dteTime))
insys.wSecond = CInt(Second(dteTime))
Call SystemTimeToFileTime(insys, infile)
Call FileTimeToLocalFileTime(infile, outfile)
Call FileTimeToSystemTime(outfile, outsys)
UTCToLocalTime = CDate(outsys.wDay & "/" & _
outsys.wMonth & "/" & _
outsys.wYear & " " & _
outsys.wHour & ":" & _
outsys.wMinute & ":" & _
outsys.wSecond)
End Function
我知道它不像 VB 模块那么优雅,但是如果有人正在寻找一个快速公式,该公式也考虑了 '+' 之后的时区,那么这可能就是它。
= DATEVALUE(MID(D3,1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(D3,12,5))+TIME(MID(D3,18,2),0,0)
将改变
2017-12-01T11:03+1100
到
2/12/2017 07:03:00 AM
(考虑时区的当地时间)
显然,你可以修改不同修剪部分的长度,如果你也有毫秒,或者如果你在+之后有更长的时间。
如果您想忽略时区,请使用sigpwned
公式。
您可以在没有 VB for Applications 的情况下执行此操作:
例如解析以下内容:
2011-01-01T12:00:00+05:00
2011-01-01T12:00:00-05:00
做:
=IF(MID(A1,20,1)="+",TIMEVALUE(MID(A1,21,5))+DATEVALUE(LEFT(A1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(A1,12,8)),-TIMEVALUE(MID(A1,21,5))+DATEVALUE(LEFT(A1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(A1,12,8)))
为了
2011-01-01T12:00:00Z
做:
=DATEVALUE(LEFT(A1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(A1,12,8))
为了
2011-01-01
做:
=DATEVALUE(LEFT(A1,10))
但大写日期格式应 Excel 自动解析。
然后您将获得一个 Excel 日期/时间值,您可以将其格式化为日期和时间。
有关详细信息和示例文件: http : //blog.hani-ibrahim.de/iso-8601-parsing-in-excel-and-calc.html
rix0rrr的答案很好,但它不支持没有冒号或只有小时的时区偏移。 我稍微增强了功能以添加对这些格式的支持:
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Declarations must be at the top -- see below
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Declare Function SystemTimeToFileTime Lib _
"kernel32" (lpSystemTime As SYSTEMTIME, _
lpFileTime As FILETIME) As Long
Public Declare Function FileTimeToLocalFileTime Lib _
"kernel32" (lpLocalFileTime As FILETIME, _
lpFileTime As FILETIME) As Long
Public Declare Function FileTimeToSystemTime Lib _
"kernel32" (lpFileTime As FILETIME, lpSystemTime _
As SYSTEMTIME) As Long
Public Type FILETIME
dwLowDateTime As Long
dwHighDateTime As Long
End Type
Public Type SYSTEMTIME
wYear As Integer
wMonth As Integer
wDayOfWeek As Integer
wDay As Integer
wHour As Integer
wMinute As Integer
wSecond As Integer
wMilliseconds As Integer
End Type
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Convert ISO8601 dateTimes to Excel Dates
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function ISODATE(iso As String)
' Find location of delimiters in input string
Dim tPos As Integer: tPos = InStr(iso, "T")
If tPos = 0 Then tPos = Len(iso) + 1
Dim zPos As Integer: zPos = InStr(iso, "Z")
If zPos = 0 Then zPos = InStr(iso, "+")
If zPos = 0 Then zPos = InStr(tPos, iso, "-")
If zPos = 0 Then zPos = Len(iso) + 1
If zPos = tPos Then zPos = tPos + 1
' Get the relevant parts out
Dim datePart As String: datePart = Mid(iso, 1, tPos - 1)
Dim timePart As String: timePart = Mid(iso, tPos + 1, zPos - tPos - 1)
Dim dotPos As Integer: dotPos = InStr(timePart, ".")
If dotPos = 0 Then dotPos = Len(timePart) + 1
timePart = Left(timePart, dotPos - 1)
' Have them parsed separately by Excel
Dim d As Date: d = DateValue(datePart)
Dim t As Date: If timePart <> "" Then t = TimeValue(timePart)
Dim dt As Date: dt = d + t
' Add the timezone
Dim tz As String: tz = Mid(iso, zPos)
If tz <> "" And Left(tz, 1) <> "Z" Then
Dim colonPos As Integer: colonPos = InStr(tz, ":")
Dim minutes As Integer
If colonPos = 0 Then
If (Len(tz) = 3) Then
minutes = CInt(Mid(tz, 2)) * 60
Else
minutes = CInt(Mid(tz, 2, 5)) * 60 + CInt(Mid(tz, 4))
End If
Else
minutes = CInt(Mid(tz, 2, colonPos - 2)) * 60 + CInt(Mid(tz, colonPos + 1))
End If
If Left(tz, 1) = "+" Then minutes = -minutes
dt = DateAdd("n", minutes, dt)
End If
' Return value is the ISO8601 date in the local time zone
dt = UTCToLocalTime(dt)
ISODATE = dt
End Function
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Got this function to convert local date to UTC date from
' http://excel.tips.net/Pages/T002185_Automatically_Converting_to_GMT.html
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function UTCToLocalTime(dteTime As Date) As Date
Dim infile As FILETIME
Dim outfile As FILETIME
Dim insys As SYSTEMTIME
Dim outsys As SYSTEMTIME
insys.wYear = CInt(Year(dteTime))
insys.wMonth = CInt(Month(dteTime))
insys.wDay = CInt(Day(dteTime))
insys.wHour = CInt(Hour(dteTime))
insys.wMinute = CInt(Minute(dteTime))
insys.wSecond = CInt(Second(dteTime))
Call SystemTimeToFileTime(insys, infile)
Call FileTimeToLocalFileTime(infile, outfile)
Call FileTimeToSystemTime(outfile, outsys)
UTCToLocalTime = CDate(outsys.wMonth & "/" & _
outsys.wDay & "/" & _
outsys.wYear & " " & _
outsys.wHour & ":" & _
outsys.wMinute & ":" & _
outsys.wSecond)
End Function
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
' Tests for the ISO Date functions
'---------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Sub ISODateTest()
' [[ Verify that all dateTime formats parse sucesfully ]]
Dim d1 As Date: d1 = ISODATE("2011-01-01")
Dim d2 As Date: d2 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T00:00:00")
Dim d3 As Date: d3 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T00:00:00Z")
Dim d4 As Date: d4 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00Z")
Dim d5 As Date: d5 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00+05:00")
Dim d6 As Date: d6 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00-05:00")
Dim d7 As Date: d7 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00.05381+05:00")
Dim d8 As Date: d8 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00-0500")
Dim d9 As Date: d9 = ISODATE("2011-01-01T12:00:00-05")
AssertEqual "Date and midnight", d1, d2
AssertEqual "With and without Z", d2, d3
AssertEqual "With timezone", -5, DateDiff("h", d4, d5)
AssertEqual "Timezone Difference", 10, DateDiff("h", d5, d6)
AssertEqual "Ignore subsecond", d5, d7
AssertEqual "No colon in timezone offset", d5, d8
AssertEqual "No minutes in timezone offset", d5, d9
' [[ Independence of local DST ]]
' Verify that a date in winter and a date in summer parse to the same Hour value
Dim w As Date: w = ISODATE("2010-02-23T21:04:48+01:00")
Dim s As Date: s = ISODATE("2010-07-23T21:04:48+01:00")
AssertEqual "Winter/Summer hours", Hour(w), Hour(s)
MsgBox "All tests passed succesfully!"
End Sub
Sub AssertEqual(name, x, y)
If x <> y Then Err.Raise 1234, Description:="Failed: " & name & ": '" & x & "' <> '" & y & "'"
End Sub
我的日期在表格 20130221T133551Z (YYYYMMDD'T'HHMMSS'Z') 上,所以我创建了这个变体:
Public Function ISODATEZ(iso As String) As Date
Dim yearPart As Integer: yearPart = CInt(Mid(iso, 1, 4))
Dim monPart As Integer: monPart = CInt(Mid(iso, 5, 2))
Dim dayPart As Integer: dayPart = CInt(Mid(iso, 7, 2))
Dim hourPart As Integer: hourPart = CInt(Mid(iso, 10, 2))
Dim minPart As Integer: minPart = CInt(Mid(iso, 12, 2))
Dim secPart As Integer: secPart = CInt(Mid(iso, 14, 2))
Dim tz As String: tz = Mid(iso, 16)
Dim dt As Date: dt = DateSerial(yearPart, monPart, dayPart) + TimeSerial(hourPart, minPart, secPart)
' Add the timezone
If tz <> "" And Left(tz, 1) <> "Z" Then
Dim colonPos As Integer: colonPos = InStr(tz, ":")
If colonPos = 0 Then colonPos = Len(tz) + 1
Dim minutes As Integer: minutes = CInt(Mid(tz, 2, colonPos - 2)) * 60 + CInt(Mid(tz, colonPos + 1))
If Left(tz, 1) = "+" Then minutes = -minutes
dt = DateAdd("n", minutes, dt)
End If
' Return value is the ISO8601 date in the local time zone
' dt = UTCToLocalTime(dt)
ISODATEZ = dt
End Function
(时区转换没有测试,在意外输入的情况下没有错误处理)
如果将某些(固定)格式转换为 UTC 就足够了,您可以编写一个简单的 VBA 函数或公式。
下面的函数/公式适用于这些格式(无论如何都会省略毫秒):
2011-01-01T12:00:00.053+0500
2011-01-01T12:00:00.05381+0500
VBA 函数
更长,为了更好的可读性:
Public Function CDateUTC(dISO As String) As Date
Dim d, t, tz As String
Dim tzInt As Integer
Dim dLocal As Date
d = Left(dISO, 10)
t = Mid(dISO, 12, 8)
tz = Right(dISO, 5)
tzInt = - CInt(tz) \ 100
dLocal = CDate(d & " " & t)
CDateUTC = DateAdd("h", tzInt, dLocal)
End Function
...或“oneliner”:
Public Function CDateUTC(dISO As String) As Date
CDateUTC = DateAdd("h", -CInt(Right(dISO, 5)) \ 100, CDate(Left(dISO, 10) & " " & Mid(dISO, 12, 8)))
End Function
公式
=DATEVALUE(LEFT([@ISO], 10)) + TIMEVALUE(MID([@ISO], 12, 8)) - VALUE(RIGHT([@ISO], 5)/100)/24
[@ISO]
是包含 ISO8601 格式的本地时间日期/时间的单元格(表内)。
两者都会生成新的日期/时间类型值。 随意根据您的需要调整功能(特定日期/时间格式)。
我没有验证上述自定义 VBA 函数,但有时函数会受到限制,并且不允许......关于这一点,上面的“仅 Excel 公式”解决方案似乎都不完整/正确。
因此,如果日期在单元格A1
中,则公式为:
=DATEVALUE(MID(A1,1,10))+IF(LEN(A1)>12,TIMEVALUE(SUBSTITUTE(LOWER(MID(A1,12,8)),"z","")),0)+IF("."=MID(A1,20,1),TIMEVALUE(CONCAT("0:0:0",MID(A1,20,6))),0)+IF(LEN(A1)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1,":",""))=3,IF("+"=MID(A1,MATCH(2,1/(MID(A1,SEQUENCE(LEN(A1)),1)=":"))-3,1),1,-1)*TIMEVALUE(RIGHT(A1,5)),0)
...更详细的分类:
将任何时区转换为UTC的完整公式,输入不包括秒:
=DATEVALUE(MID(D3,1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(D3,12,5))+(IF(MID(D3,17,1)="+",-1,1)*IFERROR(TIMEVALUE(MID(D3,18,5)),0))
支持: 2022-03-30T08:19-01:00
2022-03-30T12:49+03:30
2022-03-30T12:19+03:00
2022-03-30T09:19Z
2022-03-30T09:19
当输入包括秒时:
=DATEVALUE(MID(D3,1,10))+TIMEVALUE(MID(D3,12,8))+(IF(MID(D3,20,1)="+",-1,1)*IFERROR(TIMEVALUE(MID(D3,21,5)),0))
支持: 2022-03-30T08:19:14-01:00
2022-03-30T12:49:14+03:30
2022-03-30T12:19:14+03:00
2022-03-30T09:19:14Z
2022-03-30T09:19:14
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