[英]What is the proper way to format a multi-line dict in Python?
在 Python 中,我想在我的代码中编写一个多行字典。 有几种方法可以格式化它。 以下是我能想到的一些:
- 我知道以上任何一个在语法上都是正确的,但我假设 Python dicts 有一种首选的缩进和换行样式。 它是什么?
注意:这不是语法问题。 以上所有内容(据我所知)都是有效的 Python 语句,并且彼此等价。
我使用#3。 对于长列表、元组等也是如此。它不需要在缩进之外添加任何额外的空格。 一如既往,保持一致。
mydict = {
"key1": 1,
"key2": 2,
"key3": 3,
}
mylist = [
(1, 'hello'),
(2, 'world'),
]
nested = {
a: [
(1, 'a'),
(2, 'b'),
],
b: [
(3, 'c'),
(4, 'd'),
],
}
同样,这是我在不引入任何空格的情况下包含大字符串的首选方法(就像使用三引号多行字符串时所得到的那样):
data = (
"iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAABG"
"l0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUAQWRvYmUgSW1hZ2VSZWFkeXHJZTwAAAEN"
"xBRpFYmctaKCfwrBSCrRLuL3iEW6+EEUG8XvIVjYWNgJdhFjIX"
"rz6pKtPB5e5rmq7tmxk+hqO34e1or0yXTGrj9sXGs1Ib73efh1"
"AAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="
)
首先,就像 Steven Rumbalski 所说,“PEP8 没有解决这个问题”,所以这是个人喜好的问题。
我会使用与您的格式 3 类似但不完全相同的格式。这是我的,以及为什么。
my_dictionary = { # Don't think dict(...) notation has more readability
"key1": 1, # Indent by one press of TAB (i.e. 4 spaces)
"key2": 2, # Same indentation scale as above
"key3": 3, # Keep this final comma, so that future addition won't show up as 2-lines change in code diff
} # My favorite: SAME indentation AS ABOVE, to emphasize this bracket is still part of the above code block!
the_next_line_of_code() # Otherwise the previous line would look like the begin of this part of code
bad_example = {
"foo": "bar", # Don't do this. Unnecessary indentation wastes screen space
"hello": "world" # Don't do this. Omitting the comma is not good.
} # You see? This line visually "joins" the next line when in a glance
the_next_line_of_code()
btw_this_is_a_function_with_long_name_or_with_lots_of_parameters(
foo='hello world', # So I put one parameter per line
bar=123, # And yeah, this extra comma here is harmless too;
# I bet not many people knew/tried this.
# Oh did I just show you how to write
# multiple-line inline comment here?
# Basically, same indentation forms a natural paragraph.
) # Indentation here. Same idea as the long dict case.
the_next_line_of_code()
# By the way, now you see how I prefer inline comment to document the very line.
# I think this inline style is more compact.
# Otherwise you will need extra blank line to split the comment and its code from others.
some_normal_code()
# hi this function is blah blah
some_code_need_extra_explanation()
some_normal_code()
由于您的键是字符串并且因为我们在谈论可读性,所以我更喜欢:
mydict = dict(
key1 = 1,
key2 = 2,
key3 = 3
)
通常,如果您有大型 Python 对象,则很难对其进行格式化。 我个人更喜欢为此使用一些工具。
这是python-beautifier - www.cleancss.com/python-beautify可以立即将您的数据转换为可定制的样式。
dict(rank = int(lst[0]),
grade = str(lst[1]),
channel=str(lst[2])),
videos = float(lst[3].replace(",", " ")),
subscribers = float(lst[4].replace(",", "")),
views = float(lst[5].replace(",", "")))
flake8——一个用于在 python 代码中强制样式一致性的实用程序,它检查你的代码语法并提供改进它的指令——推荐这种格式(参见https:\/\/www.flake8rules.com\/rules\/E133.html<\/a> ):
mydict = {
"key1": 1,
"key2": 2,
"key3": 3,
}
根据我的教程经验,第二项似乎总是首选,但它是个人偏好的选择,而不是其他任何事情。
通常,您不会在最后一个条目后包含逗号,但 Python 会为您更正。
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