[英]How to cast an integer to void pointer?
在C中使用Threads时,我面临警告
“警告:从不同大小的整数强制转换为指针”
代码如下
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<pthread.h>
void *print(void *id)
{
int a=10;
printf("My thread id is %ld\n",pthread_self());
printf("Thread %d is executing\n",id);
return (void *) 42;
}
int main()
{
pthread_t th[5];
int t;
int i;
int status;
void *ret;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
status=pthread_create(&th[i],NULL,print,(void *)i); //Getting warning at this line
if(status)
{
printf("Error creating threads\n");
exit(0);
}
pthread_join(th[i],&ret);
printf("--->%d\n",(int *)ret);
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
谁能解释如何将整数传递给接收(void *)作为参数的函数?
如果您需要的话,这是将整数传递给新pthread的一种好方法。 您只需要禁止显示警告,就可以做到这一点:
#include <stdint.h>
void *threadfunc(void *param)
{
int id = (intptr_t) param;
...
}
int i, r;
r = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, threadfunc, (void *) (intptr_t) i);
这可能会冒犯您的敏感性,但是它很短并且没有竞争条件(如果使用&i
,您会遇到这种情况)。 仅仅为了获得一堆编号的线程而编写几十行额外的代码是没有意义的。
这是带有数据争用的错误版本:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 10
void *thread_func(void *arg)
{
int *ptr = arg;
// Has *ptr changed by the time we get here? Maybe!
printf("Arg = %d\n", *ptr);
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
int i;
pthread_t threads[N];
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
// NO NO NO NO this is bad!
pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_func, &i);
}
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
}
return 0;
}
现在,当我使用线程清理程序运行它时会发生什么?
(另外,检查两次如何打印“ 5” ...)
================== WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=20494) Read of size 4 at 0x7ffc95a834ec by thread T1: #0 thread_func /home/depp/test.c:9 (a.out+0x000000000a8c) #1 <null> <null> (libtsan.so.0+0x000000023519) Previous write of size 4 at 0x7ffc95a834ec by main thread: #0 main /home/depp/test.c:17 (a.out+0x000000000b3a) Location is stack of main thread. Thread T1 (tid=20496, running) created by main thread at: #0 pthread_create <null> (libtsan.so.0+0x0000000273d4) #1 main /home/depp/test.c:18 (a.out+0x000000000b1c) SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race /home/depp/test.c:9 thread_func ================== Arg = 1 Arg = 2 Arg = 3 Arg = 4 Arg = 5 Arg = 6 Arg = 7 Arg = 8 Arg = 9 Arg = 5 ThreadSanitizer: reported 1 warnings
您可以将int值作为void指针传递,例如(void *)&n
,其中n是整数,并且在函数中将void指针作为参数传递给参数,例如void foo(void *n);
最后在函数内部将void指针转换为int,例如int num = *(int *)n;
。 这样您就不会收到任何警告。
您可以执行以下操作:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
struct th {
pthread_t thread;
int id;
int ret;
};
void *print(void *id) {
int a=10;
struct th *self = (struct th *) id;
printf("My thread id is %ld\n",pthread_self());
printf("Thread %d is executing\n",self->id);
self->ret = random();
return;
}
int main(void) {
struct th th[5];
int t;
int i;
int status;
void *ret;
for(i=0;i<5;i++) {
th[i].id = i;
status=pthread_create(&th[i].thread,NULL,print,&th[i]); //Getting warning at this line
if(status) {
printf("Error creating threads\n");
exit(0);
}
}
for (i=0;i<5;i++) {
pthread_join(th[i].thread,&ret);
printf("%d--->%d\n",th[i].id,th[i].ret);
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
将输出:
My thread id is 4496162816
My thread id is 4497870848
My thread id is 4498944000
My thread id is 4498407424
Thread 0 is executing
Thread 1 is executing
My thread id is 4499480576
Thread 3 is executing
Thread 2 is executing
0--->1804289383
Thread 4 is executing
1--->846930886
2--->1714636915
3--->1681692777
4--->1957747793
向每个线程传递唯一的指针将不会引起竞争,您可以在结构中获取/保存任何类型的信息
更改:
status=pthread_create(&th[i],NULL,print,(void *)i);
至:
status=pthread_create(&th[i],NULL,print,(reinterpret_cast<void*>(i));
reinterpret_cast使int成为指针的大小,并且警告将停止。 基本上,它是(void *)i的更好版本。
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