验证 IPv4、IPv6 和主机名

Question

我正在 .net 中处理一个项目，该项目可以通过用户输入的 IP 地址连接到不同的机器。
我正在尝试使用正则表达式验证输入的 IP 地址。 我已经在互联网上搜索了一段时间，但我无法获得正确的正则表达式。

我写了一个小程序来测试正则表达式，见这里，（IP地址是随机生成的，如果某些IP地址属于某人，我很抱歉）

你能帮我找到一个可行的解决方案，在客户端验证用户输入吗？！ （可以是 IPv4、IPv6 或主机名，地址中不包含端口）

谢谢。

Answer 1

我设法将我能想到的与 IPv6、IPv4 和主机名相匹配的正则表达式放在一起，不幸的是，在某些情况下，似乎无效的 IP 地址实际上是有效的主机名，但我想这没问题。
所以这是正则表达式 :) 测试程序可以在这里找到

(^\s*((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?))\s*$)|(^\s*((?=.{1,255}$)[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?)*\.?)\s*$)|(^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$)


 (
   ^ 
    \s*( //IPv4
        (25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)
    )\s* 
   $
 )
 |
 (
   ^
    \s*( //Hostname RFC 1123
         (?=.{1,255}$)[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|\b-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?)*\.?
    )\s* 
   $
 )
 |
 (
   ^
    \s*( //IPv6
      (([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)){3}))|:))
    )(%.+)?\s*
   $
 )

也可以看看：
正则表达式匹配 DNS 主机名或 IP 地址？
RFC 1123
IPv6 验证器

Answer 2

我已经搞定了： http : //jsfiddle.net/AJEzQ/

^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$|^(([a-zA-Z]|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9\-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])\.)*([A-Za-z]|[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9\-]*[A-Za-z0-9])$|^(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){6})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){5})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){4})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,1}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){3})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,2}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){2})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,3}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,4}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,5}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::)(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})):){0,6}(?:(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4})))?::))))$

Answer 3

以编程方式构建验证正则表达式

在强大的库ippaddr.js [2] 中可以找到：

https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/8c18488416e20f2d624ab6f727638673018a2a46/lib/ipaddr.js#L6-L30

一个全面的 JS 列表 - （与旧答案的 RegEx 战场相反 :)） - 以模块化方式以编程方式构建正则表达式。

这允许将这些正则表达式的复杂性分解为更容易掌握的基本部分。 它还可以让您节省代码大小:)

注：这是只验证IP地址版本4和6（没有主机名或其他URI RFC相关的东西）：

    // A list of regular expressions that match arbitrary IPv4 addresses,
    // for which a number of weird notations exist.
    // Note that an address like 0010.0xa5.1.1 is considered legal.
    const ipv4Part = '(0?\\d+|0x[a-f0-9]+)';
    const ipv4Regexes = {
        fourOctet: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}$`, 'i'),
        threeOctet: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}$`, 'i'),
        twoOctet: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}$`, 'i'),
        longValue: new RegExp(`^${ipv4Part}$`, 'i')
    };

    // Regular Expression for checking Octal numbers
    const octalRegex = new RegExp(`^0[0-7]+$`, 'i');
    const hexRegex = new RegExp(`^0x[a-f0-9]+$`, 'i');

    const zoneIndex = '%[0-9a-z]{1,}';

    // IPv6-matching regular expressions.
    // For IPv6, the task is simpler: it is enough to match the colon-delimited
    // hexadecimal IPv6 and a transitional variant with dotted-decimal IPv4 at
    // the end.
    const ipv6Part = '(?:[0-9a-f]+::?)+';
    const ipv6Regexes = {
        zoneIndex: new RegExp(zoneIndex, 'i'),
        'native': new RegExp(`^(::)?(${ipv6Part})?([0-9a-f]+)?(::)?(${zoneIndex})?$`, 'i'),
        deprecatedTransitional: new RegExp(`^(?:::)(${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}(${zoneIndex})?)$`, 'i'),
        transitional: new RegExp(`^((?:${ipv6Part})|(?:::)(?:${ipv6Part})?)${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}\\.${ipv4Part}(${zoneIndex})?$`, 'i')
    };

简单的代价，需要更多的解析逻辑

reg-ex 部分的这种整洁是有代价的，所需的解析逻辑更加“分叉”:)

请在此处检查相应的解析方法：

IPv4.parser : https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/8c18488416e20f2d624ab6f727638673018a2a46/lib/ipaddr.js#L405

IPv6.parser : https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/8c18488416e20f2d624ab6f727638673018a2a46/lib/ipaddr.js#L799

充分条件与必要条件

正则表达式与上面的解析逻辑相结合，符合对任一地址类型进行断言的充分条件（与先前答案的大型正则表达式的直接匹配一样）。

OTOH 每种地址类型都可能有许多必要条件。 我们可以使用这些来断言相反的情况（输入不是任何一种类型）：检查缺少:字符是断言地址绝对不是IP v6 的一种方式。 当想要以最佳方式简单地区分（即分类）同类输入时，这会派上用场。 在首先不包含冒号的输入上运行整个 IPv6-regex 将是一个开销。

同样值得注意的是，在进行 IPv6 验证时，上述库还实现了充分条件和必要条件之间的差异（或者特别是打算区分两种地址类型的输入）[1]：

    ipaddr.IPv6.isValid = function (string) {

        // Since IPv6.isValid is always called first, this shortcut
        // provides a substantial performance gain.
        if (typeof string === 'string' && string.indexOf(':') === -1) {
            return false;
        }

        try {
            const addr = this.parser(string);
            new this(addr.parts, addr.zoneId);
            return true;
        } catch (e) {
            return false;
        }
    };

使用ipaddr.js区分 v4 和 v6：

function getIpVersionNum(addr) {
  try {
    const parse_addr = ipaddr.parse(addr);
    const kind = parse_addr.kind();

    if (kind === 'ipv4') {
      return 4; //IPv4
    } else if (kind === 'ipv6') {
      return 6; //IPv6
    } else {
      throw new Error('unexpected return value');
    }

  // parse() will throw an error when address passes neither validation
  } catch (err) { 
    return 0; //not 4 or 6
  }
}

[1] https://github.com/whitequark/ipaddr.js/blob/master/lib/ipaddr.js#L750-L765 [2] https://www.npmjs.com/package/ipaddr.js

Answer 4

在 node.js 中，您可以使用内置模块net ，它具有net.isIP(ip) 、 net.isIPv4(ip)和net.isIPv6(ip) 。

https://nodejs.org/api/net.html