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[英]Need to Replace Element value with Mix Content with lxml etree Python
[英]Python replace XML content with Etree
我想使用Python Etree解析器来解析和比较2个XML文件,如下所示:
我有2个XML文件,其中包含大量数据。 一种是英语(源文件),另一种是相应的法文翻译(目标文件)。 例如:
源文件:
<AB>
<CD/>
<EF>
<GH>
<id>123</id>
<IJ>xyz</IJ>
<KL>DOG</KL>
<MN>dogs/dog</MN>
some more tags and info on same level
<metadata>
<entry>
<cl>Translation</cl>
<cl>English:dog/dogs</cl>
</entry>
<entry>
<string>blabla</string>
<string>blabla</string>
</entry>
some more strings and entries
</metadata>
</GH>
</EF>
<stuff/>
<morestuff/>
<otherstuff/>
<stuffstuff/>
<blubb/>
<bla/>
<blubbbla>8</blubbla>
</AB>
目标文件看起来完全一样,但是在某些地方没有文本:
<MN>chiens/chien</MN>
some more tags and info on same level
<metadata>
<entry>
<cl>Translation</cl>
<cl></cl>
</entry>
法语目标文件有一个空的跨语言引用,每当两个宏具有相同的ID时,我要在其中引用英语源文件中的信息。 我已经写了一些代码,其中用唯一的标签名替换了字符串标签名,以便识别跨语言引用。 现在,我想比较2个文件,如果2个宏具有相同的ID,则将法语文件中的空引用与英语文件中的信息进行交换。 我之前曾尝试过minipar解析器,但遇到了麻烦,现在想尝试Etree。 我对编程几乎一无所知,并且很难做到这一点。 这是我到目前为止的代码:
macros = ElementTree.parse(english)
for tag in macros.getchildren('macro'):
id_ = tag.find('id')
data = tag.find('cl')
id_dict[id_.text] = data.text
macros = ElementTree.parse(french)
for tag in macros.getchildren('macro'):
id_ = tag.find('id')
target = tag.find('cl')
if target.text.strip() == '':
target.text = id_dict[id_.text]
print (ElementTree.tostring(macros))
我绝不知情,阅读有关此内容的其他文章更使我感到困惑。 如果有人能启发我,我将非常感激:-)
可能还有更多细节需要澄清。 这是带有一些调试打印的样本,它说明了这一想法。 它假定两个文件具有完全相同的结构,并且您只想在根目录下一层:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
english_tree = etree.parse('en.xml')
french_tree = etree.parse('fr.xml')
# Get the root elements, as they support iteration
# through their children (direct descendants)
english_root = english_tree.getroot()
french_root = french_tree.getroot()
# Iterate through the direct descendants of the root
# elements in both trees in parallel.
for en, fr in zip(english_root, french_root):
assert en.tag == fr.tag # check for the same structure
if en.tag == 'id':
assert en.text == fr.text # check for the same id
elif en.tag == 'string':
if fr.text is None:
fr.text = en.text
print en.text # displaying what was replaced
etree.dump(french_tree)
对于文件的更复杂的结构,可以通过遍历树中所有元素的方式来替换通过节点的直接子级构成的循环。 如果文件的结构完全相同,则以下代码将起作用:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
english_tree = etree.parse('en.xml')
french_tree = etree.parse('fr.xml')
for en, fr in zip(english_tree.iter(), french_tree.iter()):
assert en.tag == fr.tag # check if the structure is the same
if en.tag == 'id':
assert en.text == fr.text # identification must be the same
elif en.tag == 'string':
if fr.text is None:
fr.text = en.text
print en.text # display the inserted text
# Write the result to the output file.
with open('fr2.xml', 'w') as fout:
fout.write(etree.tostring(french_tree.getroot()))
但是,它仅在两个文件具有完全相同的结构时才起作用。 让我们遵循在手动完成任务时将使用的算法。 首先,我们需要找到空白的法语翻译。 然后,应使用具有相同标识的GH元素的英文翻译替换它。 搜索元素时,将使用XPath表达式的子集:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
def find_translation(tree, id_):
# Search fot the GH element with the given identification, and return
# its translation if found. Otherwise None is returned implicitly.
for gh in tree.iter('GH'):
id_elem = gh.find('./id')
if id_ == id_elem.text:
# The related GH element found.
# Find metadata entry, extract the translation.
# Warning! This is simplification for the fixed position
# of the Translation entry.
me = gh.find('./metadata/entry')
assert len(me) == 2 # metadata/entry has two elements
cl1 = me[0]
assert cl1.text == 'Translation'
cl2 = me[1]
return cl2.text
# Body of the program. --------------------------------------------------
english_tree = etree.parse('en.xml')
french_tree = etree.parse('fr.xml')
for gh in french_tree.iter('GH'): # iterate through the GH elements only
# Get the identification of the GH section
id_elem = gh.find('./id')
id_ = id_elem.text
# Find and check the metadata entry, extract the French translation.
# Warning! This is simplification for the fixed position of the Translation
# entry.
me = gh.find('./metadata/entry')
assert len(me) == 2 # metadata/entry has two elements
cl1 = me[0]
assert cl1.text == 'Translation'
cl2 = me[1]
fr_translation = cl2.text
# If the French translation is empty, put there the English translation
# from the related element.
if cl2.text is None:
cl2.text = find_translation(english_tree, id_)
with open('fr2.xml', 'w') as fout:
fout.write(etree.tostring(french_tree.getroot()).decode('utf-8'))
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