将 stdout 和 stderr 重定向到 Function

Question

我需要帮助将系统命令的输出（stdin 和 stdout）发送到 bash 函数，同时仍接受来自参数的输入。 类似于下面的示例。 有人可以指出我正确的道路吗？

LogMsg()
{
  DateTime=`date "+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"`
  echo '*****'$DateTime' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$1 >> "$LogFile"
  echo $DateTime' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$1
}

# Already works
LogMsg "This statement is sent directly"

# Wish I could do this:
# Capture both stdout & stderr of a system function to the logfile
# I do not presume that any of the syntax that follows is good
make 2>&1 >(LogMsg)

Answer 1

为此，您可以使用read bash 内置：

LogMsg()
{
  read IN # This reads a string from stdin and stores it in a variable called IN
  DateTime=`date "+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"`
  echo '*****'$DateTime' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$IN >> "$LogFile"
  echo $DateTime' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$IN
}

然后使用管道：

make 2>&1 | LogMsg

更新：

为了能够使用标准输入或参数作为输入（根据 chepner 的评论），您可以这样做：

LogMsg()
{
  if [ -n "$1" ]
  then
      IN="$1"
  else
      read IN # This reads a string from stdin and stores it in a variable called IN
  fi

  DateTime=`date "+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"`
  echo '*****'$DateTime' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$IN >> "$LogFile"
  echo $DateTime' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$IN
}

Answer 2

这是一个旧线程..但我用它来帮助我编写一个日志函数，该函数还将输出多行命令输出：

# Defines function to grab a time stamp #
get_Time () { Time=$(date +%Y-%m-%d\ %H:%M:%S) ; }

write_Log()
{
get_Time
if [ -n "${1}" ]; then         # If it's from a "<message>" then set it
    IN="${1}"
    echo "${Time} ${IN}" | tee -a ${log_File}
else
    while read IN               # If it is output from command then loop it
    do
        echo "${Time} ${IN}" | tee -a ${log_File}
    done
fi
}

Answer 3

根据前面的答案，我整理了一些可以使用或不使用日志文件的通用函数，如本文末尾所列。 这些对于更复杂的脚本很方便。 我通常将终端窗口消息打印到stderr ，以免干扰可能需要重定向的合法程序输出。 函数可以如下调用：

scriptFolder=$(cd $(dirname "$0") && pwd)
scriptName=$(basename $scriptFolder)
# Start a log file that will be used by the logging functions
logFileStart ${scriptName} "${scriptFolder)/${scriptName}.log"

# The following logs the message string passed to the function.
# - use a space for empty lines because otherwise the logging function
#   will hang waiting for input
logInfo " "
logInfo "Starting to do some work."

# The following will log each 'stdout` and `stderr` line piped to the function.
someOtherProgram 2>&1 | logInfo

功能...

# Echo to stderr
echoStderr() {
  # - if necessary, quote the string to be printed
  # - redirect stdout from echo to stderr
  echo "$@" 1>&2
  # Or, use an alternate echo such one that colors textT
  # ${echo2} "$@" 1>&2
}

# Print a DEBUG message
# - prints to stderr and optionally appends to log file if ${logFile} is defined globally
#   - see logFileStart() to start a log file
# - call with parameters or pipe stdout and stderr to this function: 2>&1 | logDebug
# - print empty lines with a space " " to avoid hanging the program waiting on stdin input
logDebug() {
  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
    if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
      # Are using a log file
      echoStderr "[DEBUG] $@" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
    else
      # Are NOT using a log file
      echoStderr "[DEBUG] $@"
    fi
  else
    while read inputLine; do
      if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
        # Are using a log file
        echoStderr "[DEBUG] ${inputLine}" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
      else
        # Are NOT using a log file
        echoStderr "[DEBUG] ${inputLine}"
      fi
    done
  fi
}

# Print an ERROR message
# - prints to stderr and optionally appends to log file if ${logFile} is defined globally
#   - see logFileStart() to start a log file
# - call with parameters or pipe stdout and stderr to this function: 2>&1 | logError
# - print empty lines with a space " " to avoid hanging the program waiting on stdin input
logError() {
  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
    if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
      # Are using a log file
      echoStderr "[ERROR] $@" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
    else
      # Are NOT using a log file
      echoStderr "[ERROR] $@"
    fi
  else
    while read inputLine; do
      if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
        # Are using a log file
        echoStderr "[ERROR] ${inputLine}" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
      else
        # Are NOT using a log file
        echoStderr "[ERROR] ${inputLine}"
      fi
    done
  fi
}

# Start a new logfile
# - name of program that is being run is the first argument
# - path to the logfile is the second argument
# - echo a line to the log file to (re)start
# - subsequent writes to the file using log*() functions will append
# - the global variable ${logFile} will be set for use by log*() functions
logFileStart() {
  local newLogFile now programBeingLogged
  programBeingLogged=$1
  # Set the global logfile, in case it was not saved
  if [ -n "${2}" ]; then
    logFile=${2}
  else
    # Set the logFile to stderr if not specified, so it is handled somehow
    logFile=/dev/stderr
  fi
  now=$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
  # Can't use logInfo because it only appends and want to restart the file
  echo "Log file for ${programBeingLogged} started at ${now}" > ${logFile}
}

# Print an INFO message
# - prints to stderr and optionally appends to log file if ${logFile} is defined globally
#   - see logFileStart() to start a log file
# - call with parameters or pipe stdout and stderr to this function: 2>&1 | logInfo
# - print empty lines with a space " " to avoid hanging the program waiting on stdin input
logInfo() {
  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
    if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
      # Are using a log file
      echoStderr "[INFO] $@" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
    else
      # Are NOT using a log file
      echoStderr "[INFO] $@"
    fi
  else
    while read inputLine; do
      if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
        # Are using a log file
        echoStderr "[INFO] ${inputLine}" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
      else
        # Are NOT using a log file
        echoStderr "[INFO] ${inputLine}"
      fi
    done
  fi
}

# Print an WARNING message
# - prints to stderr and optionally appends to log file if ${logFile} is defined globally
#   - see logFileStart() to start a log file
# - call with parameters or pipe stdout and stderr to this function: 2>&1 | logWarning
# - print empty lines with a space " " to avoid hanging the program waiting on stdin input
logWarning() {
  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
    if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
      # Are using a log file
      echoStderr "[WARNING] $@" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
    else
      # Are NOT using a log file
      echoStderr "[WARNING] $@"
    fi
  else
    while read inputLine; do
      if [ -n "${logFile}" ]; then
        # Are using a log file
        echoStderr "[WARNING] ${inputLine}" 2>&1 | tee --append $logFile
      else
        # Are NOT using a log file
        echoStderr "[WARNING] ${inputLine}"
      fi
    done
  fi
}

Answer 4

感谢发布回复的人。 我想出了我的版本，它将为每条消息添加一次时间戳。

#!/bin/bash
CURRENT_PID=$$
PROCESS_NAME=$(basename $0)

LOGFILE=/var/log/backup-monitor.log
function log_message {
  if [ -n "$1" ]; then
      MESSAGE="$1"
      echo -e "$(date -Iseconds)\t$PROCESS_NAME\t$CURRENT_PID\t$MESSAGE" | tee -a $LOGFILE
  else
      MESSAGE=$(tee)
      echo -e "$(date -Iseconds)\t$PROCESS_NAME\t$CURRENT_PID\t$MESSAGE" | tee -a $LOGFILE
  fi
}

log_message "Direct arguments are working!!"

echo "stdin also working" | log_message

Answer 5

您可以创建一个函数，该函数可选择将系统命令中的 STDOUT 和 STDERR 写入日志文件，或通过执行以下操作接受将写入日志文件的参数：

_LOG='/some_dir/some_file'

function Log_Msg {

    #If no arguments are given to function....
    if [ -z "$@" ]; then
        
        #...then take STDOUT/STDERR as input and write to log file
        read && echo "$REPLY" | tee -a $_LOG \

    else
        #Take arguments that were given to function and write that to log file
        echo "$@" | tee -a $_LOG

    fi

}

#Logging from system commands example. The "|&" operator pipes STDOUT and STDERR to Log_Msg function
bad command |& Log_Msg

or

#Taking an argument as input and writing to log file
Log_Msg "Write this to log file"

希望这可以帮助！

Answer 6

在我看来，读取命令中的 100 毫秒（-t 0.1）超时将允许 LogMsg 处理输入管道和参数，而无需在没有输入的情况下永远等待。

function log(){ read -t 0.1 IN1
  echo $(date "+%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")' ('$QMAKESPEC'): '$IN1 $* |tee -a $LogFile ;}
#test without, with pipe , with pipe and parameters , with parameters only
log ; echo foo | log ; echo foo | log bar ; log bar
2015/01/01 16:52:17 ():
2015/01/01 16:52:17 (): foo
2015/01/01 16:52:17 (): foo bar
2015/01/01 16:52:17 (): bar

tee -a 复制到标准输出并附加到 $LogFile

玩得开心

Answer 7

有两种方法，首先，我认为更好的是，创建一个 bash 文件并将结果传递给它，如下所示：

make 2>&1 > ./LogMsg

第二种方法是将结果作为参数传递给函数：

LogMsg $(make 2>&1)