[英]C++ CUDA and libpng linking error
解决:请参阅下面的评论
我一直在研究GPU分形生成器,并且一直在使用CUDA来访问GPU,并使用libpng来生成输出图像。 我正在运行OSX 10.7.4,Cuda版本4.2,V0.2.1221,libpng15(我认为是1.5.11)
代码的第一个版本 (非常混乱和hacky)只有一个源文件GPUkernel.cu,它具有使用CUDA库计算分形的功能,还使用libpng生成png。 用命令编译好了
all: src/GPUkernel.cu
nvcc -o base src/GPUkernel.cu -lpng15 -lz
它产生了可执行的基础,一切运行良好。
新版本:
现在,为了尝试使代码更易于管理,因为这个项目越来越大,我将源代码分成两个文件:GPUkernel.cu和GPUfractal.cpp。 GPUkernel.cu包含所有CUDA GPU功能,GPUfractal.cpp包含main()和libpng功能。
当我尝试编译这段代码时,我遇到了一些问题,与libpng和CUDA使用的不同架构有关(我认为)。 我的makefile是:
CUDA_INSTALL_PATH ?= /Developer/GPU\ Computing/CUDALibraries/common
ARCH=-arch i386 -arch x86_64
CXX := g++
CC := gcc
LINK := g++ -fPIC $(ARCH)
NVCC := nvcc -ccbin /usr/bin
# Includes
INCLUDES = -I. -I$(CUDA_INSTALL_PATH)/inc -I/usr/local/cuda/include
# Common flags
COMMONFLAGS += $(INCLUDES)
NVCCFLAGS += $(COMMONFLAGS)
CXXFLAGS += $(COMMONFLAGS)
CFLAGS += $(COMMONFLAGS)
LIB_CUDA := -L$(CUDA_INSTALL_PATH)/lib `libpng-config --cflags --ldflags`
OBJS = GPUkernel.cu.o GPUfractal.cpp.o
TARGET = base
LINKLINE = $(LINK) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(LIB_CUDA)
.SUFFIXES: .c .cpp .cu .o
%.c.o: %.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
%.cu.o: %.cu
$(NVCC) $(NVCCFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
%.cpp.o: %.cpp
$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
$(TARGET): $(OBJS) Makefile
$(LINKLINE)
这是我的终端输出:
pikachu:GPUfractal tom$ make
nvcc -ccbin /usr/bin -I. -I/Developer/GPU\ Computing/CUDALibraries/common/inc -I/usr/local/cuda/include -c GPUkernel.cu -o GPUkernel.cu.o
ptxas /tmp/tmpxft_00000847_00000000-2_GPUkernel.ptx, line 105; warning : Double is not supported. Demoting to float
g++ -I. -I/Developer/GPU\ Computing/CUDALibraries/common/inc -I/usr/local/cuda/include -c GPUfractal.cpp -o GPUfractal.cpp.o
GPUfractal.cpp: In function ‘int renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::string, bool, int)’:
GPUfractal.cpp:180: warning: deprecated conversion from string constant to ‘char*’
GPUfractal.cpp:232: warning: deprecated conversion from string constant to ‘char*’
g++ -fPIC -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -o base GPUkernel.cu.o GPUfractal.cpp.o -L/Developer/GPU\ Computing/CUDALibraries/common/lib `libpng-config --cflags --ldflags`
ld: warning: ignoring file GPUfractal.cpp.o, file was built for unsupported file format which is not the architecture being linked (i386)
Undefined symbols for architecture i386:
"_main", referenced from:
start in crt1.10.6.o
"_cudaGetLastError", referenced from:
calculateFractal(int*, float*, int, int, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaGetErrorString", referenced from:
calculateFractal(int*, float*, int, int, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaMemset", referenced from:
calculateFractal(int*, float*, int, int, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaConfigureCall", referenced from:
calculateFractal(int*, float*, int, int, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaMemcpy", referenced from:
calculateFractal(int*, float*, int, int, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaFree", referenced from:
calculateFractal(int*, float*, int, int, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"___cudaRegisterFatBinary", referenced from:
__sti____cudaRegisterAll_44_tmpxft_00000847_00000000_4_GPUkernel_cpp1_ii_ad246568() in GPUkernel.cu.o
"___cudaRegisterFunction", referenced from:
__sti____cudaRegisterAll_44_tmpxft_00000847_00000000_4_GPUkernel_cpp1_ii_ad246568() in GPUkernel.cu.o
"___cudaUnregisterFatBinary", referenced from:
__cudaUnregisterBinaryUtil() in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaLaunch", referenced from:
cudaError cudaLaunch<char>(char*)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaSetupArgument", referenced from:
__device_stub__Z19calculateMandlebrotPiPfffffibff(int*, float*, float, float, float, float, int, bool, float, float)in GPUkernel.cu.o
"_cudaMalloc", referenced from:
cudaError cudaMalloc<int>(int**, unsigned long)in GPUkernel.cu.o
cudaError cudaMalloc<float>(float**, unsigned long)in GPUkernel.cu.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture i386
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
ld: warning: ignoring file GPUkernel.cu.o, file was built for i386 which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64)
ld: warning: ignoring file /usr/local/lib/libpng15.a, file was built for archive which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64)
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_png_create_write_struct", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_create_info_struct", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_set_longjmp_fn", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_init_io", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_set_IHDR", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_set_text", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_write_info", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_write_row", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_write_end", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_free_data", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
"_png_destroy_write_struct", referenced from:
renderImage(int*, float*, int, int, std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool, int)in GPUfractal.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
lipo: can't open input file: /var/folders/rw/344w_6js7d7dhg8pch7zws180000gn/T//ccZYSoRL.out (No such file or directory)
make: *** [base] Error 1
我已经将最新版本的代码上传到github ,你也可以在这里看到存档文件夹中旧的(工作)版本的代码(因为noob用户限制而删除了链接,但你可以在github里面找到它'存档/0.1' )。
更多信息:我在代码的第一个版本中遇到了与未定义符号类似的问题,但是从谷歌搜索,发现这篇文章通过将libpng-config --cflags --ldflags
添加到makefile来修复我的问题
感谢您阅读这篇文章,希望这对第一篇文章来说并不算太糟糕:)
并感谢您的帮助!
您似乎正在为32位和64位构建主机代码。 在OS X上,如果要编译64位的主机代码(.cpp),则需要-arch x86_64
,或者如果需要32位,则需要-arch i386
,但我认为您不应该指定两个都是。
对于您的设备代码,如果您需要64位,则需要将-m64
添加到nvcc命令行。 对于32位,请使用-m32
。
您还需要链接到相应的CUDA库(32位或64位)。 如果您查看CUDA安装路径,您将看到有32位和64位目录,以及相应的库。 根据您是构建32位还是64位, 仅包括其中一个链接路径(使用-L
)。 然后,如果您正在使用CUDA运行时API(可能),还必须链接libcuda( -lcuda
)和libcudart( -lcudart
)。
您还需要对链接的任何其他库(libpng或其他)执行相同的操作。
我相信你需要链接cuda库和cuda运行时库。 链接器(g ++)不了解CUDA,因此您需要告诉它与cuda库链接。
我有一个混合的C ++和CUDA项目,我使用g ++编译C ++文件和nvcc来编译我的CUDA文件。 然后我调用了
g ++ -o exec_name * .o -lcuda -lcudart
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