Python中本地网络的IP地址/主机名列表

Question

如何在 Python 中轻松地从本地网络获取 IP 地址或主机名列表？

最好是多平台的，但它需要先在 Mac OS X 上运行，然后其他的。

编辑：本地是指本地网络中的所有活动地址，例如192.168.xxx.xxx 。

因此，如果我的计算机（在本地网络内）的 IP 地址是192.168.1.1 ，并且我连接了另外三台计算机，我希望它返回 IP 地址192.168.1.2 、 192.168.1.3 、 192.168.1.4和可能是他们的主机名。

Answer 1

如果“本地”是指在同一网段上，则必须执行以下步骤：

1. 确定自己的 IP 地址
2. 确定自己的网络掩码
3. 确定网络范围
4. 扫描所有地址（除了最低的，这是您的网络地址，最高的，这是您的广播地址）。
5. 使用 DNS 的反向查找来确定响应扫描的 IP 地址的主机名。

或者你可以让 Python 在外部执行 nmap 并将结果通过管道传回你的程序。

Answer 2

更新：该脚本现在位于github 上。

我写了一个小的 python 脚本，它利用了scapy的arping() 。

Answer 3

如果您知道您的计算机的名称，您可以使用：

import socket
IP1 = socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) # local IP adress of your computer
IP2 = socket.gethostbyname('name_of_your_computer') # IP adress of remote computer

否则，您将不得不扫描与本地计算机 (IP1) 具有相同掩码的所有 IP 地址，如另一个答案中所述。

Answer 4

我从其他一些线程中收集了以下功能，它在 Ubuntu 中对我有用。

import os
import socket    
import multiprocessing
import subprocess


def pinger(job_q, results_q):
    """
    Do Ping
    :param job_q:
    :param results_q:
    :return:
    """
    DEVNULL = open(os.devnull, 'w')
    while True:

        ip = job_q.get()

        if ip is None:
            break

        try:
            subprocess.check_call(['ping', '-c1', ip],
                                  stdout=DEVNULL)
            results_q.put(ip)
        except:
            pass


def get_my_ip():
    """
    Find my IP address
    :return:
    """
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
    ip = s.getsockname()[0]
    s.close()
    return ip


def map_network(pool_size=255):
    """
    Maps the network
    :param pool_size: amount of parallel ping processes
    :return: list of valid ip addresses
    """
    
    ip_list = list()
    
    # get my IP and compose a base like 192.168.1.xxx
    ip_parts = get_my_ip().split('.')
    base_ip = ip_parts[0] + '.' + ip_parts[1] + '.' + ip_parts[2] + '.'
    
    # prepare the jobs queue
    jobs = multiprocessing.Queue()
    results = multiprocessing.Queue()
    
    pool = [multiprocessing.Process(target=pinger, args=(jobs, results)) for i in range(pool_size)]
    
    for p in pool:
        p.start()
    
    # cue hte ping processes
    for i in range(1, 255):
        jobs.put(base_ip + '{0}'.format(i))
    
    for p in pool:
        jobs.put(None)
    
    for p in pool:
        p.join()
    
    # collect he results
    while not results.empty():
        ip = results.get()
        ip_list.append(ip)

    return ip_list


if __name__ == '__main__':

    print('Mapping...')
    lst = map_network()
    print(lst)

Answer 5

对于 OSX（和 Linux），一个简单的解决方案是使用 os.popen 或 os.system 并运行arp -a命令。

例如：

devices = []
for device in os.popen('arp -a'): devices.append(device)

这将为您提供本地网络上的设备列表。

Answer 6

我在 python 文章中找到了这个网络扫描仪并写了这个短代码。 它做你想做的！ 但是，您确实需要知道设备的可访问端口。 端口 22 是 ssh 标准和我正在使用的。 我想你可以遍历所有端口。 一些默认值是：

linux: [20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 80, 111, 443, 445, 631, 993, 995]
windows: [135, 137, 138, 139, 445]
mac: [22, 445, 548, 631]

import socket

def connect(hostname, port):
    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    socket.setdefaulttimeout(1)
    result = sock.connect_ex((hostname, port))
    sock.close()
    return result == 0

for i in range(0,255):
    res = connect("192.168.1."+str(i), 22)
    if res:
        print("Device found at: ", "192.168.1."+str(i) + ":"+str(22))

---

TheLizzard编辑：

使用上面的代码并添加线程：

from threading import Thread, Lock
from time import perf_counter
from sys import stderr
from time import sleep
import socket


# I changed this from "192.168.1.%i" to "192.168.0.%i"
BASE_IP = "192.168.0.%i"
PORT = 80


class Threader:
    """
    This is a class that calls a list of functions in a limited number of
    threads. It uses locks to make sure the data is thread safe.
    Usage:
        from time import sleep

        def function(i):
            sleep(2)
            with threader.print_lock:
                print(i)

        threader = Threader(10) # The maximum number of threads = 10
        for i in range(20):
            threader.append(function, i)
        threader.start()
        threader.join()

    This class also provides a lock called: `<Threader>.print_lock`
    """
    def __init__(self, threads=30):
        self.thread_lock = Lock()
        self.functions_lock = Lock()
        self.functions = []
        self.threads = []
        self.nthreads = threads
        self.running = True
        self.print_lock = Lock()

    def stop(self) -> None:
        # Signal all worker threads to stop
        self.running = False

    def append(self, function, *args) -> None:
        # Add the function to a list of functions to be run
        self.functions.append((function, args))

    def start(self) -> None:
        # Create a limited number of threads
        for i in range(self.nthreads):
            thread = Thread(target=self.worker, daemon=True)
            # We need to pass in `thread` as a parameter so we
            # have to use `<threading.Thread>._args` like this:
            thread._args = (thread, )
            self.threads.append(thread)
            thread.start()

    def join(self) -> None:
        # Joins the threads one by one until all of them are done.
        for thread in self.threads:
            thread.join()

    def worker(self, thread:Thread) -> None:
        # While we are running and there are functions to call:
        while self.running and (len(self.functions) > 0):
            # Get a function
            with self.functions_lock:
                function, args = self.functions.pop(0)
            # Call that function
            function(*args)

        # Remove the thread from the list of threads.
        # This may cause issues if the user calls `<Threader>.join()`
        # But I haven't seen this problem while testing/using it.
        with self.thread_lock:
            self.threads.remove(thread)


start = perf_counter()
# I didn't need a timeout of 1 so I used 0.1
socket.setdefaulttimeout(0.1)

def connect(hostname, port):
    with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as sock:
        result = sock.connect_ex((hostname, port))
    with threader.print_lock:
        if result == 0:
            stderr.write(f"[{perf_counter() - start:.5f}] Found {hostname}\n")

threader = Threader(10)
for i in range(255):
    threader.append(connect, BASE_IP%i, PORT)
threader.start()
threader.join()
print(f"[{perf_counter() - start:.5f}] Done searching")
input("Press enter to exit.\n? ")

Answer 7

尝试：

import socket

print ([ip for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2] if not ip.startswith("127.")][:1])

Answer 8

我已经完成了以下代码来获取 MAC 已知设备的 IP。 这可以进行相应的修改，以通过一些字符串操作来获取所有 IP。 希望这会帮助你。

#running windows cmd line  statement and put output into a string
cmd_out = os.popen("arp -a").read()
line_arr = cmd_out.split('\n')
line_count = len(line_arr)


#search in all lines for ip
for i in range(0, line_count):
    y = line_arr[i]
    z = y.find(mac_address)

    #if mac address is found then get the ip using regex matching
    if z > 0:
        ip_out= re.search('[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+', y, re.M | re.I)

Answer 9

我刚刚遇到了这个问题。 我是这样解决的：

import kthread #pip install kthread
from time import sleep
import subprocess

def getips():
    ipadressen = {}
    def ping(ipadresse):
        try:
            outputcap = subprocess.run([f'ping', ipadresse, '-n', '1'], capture_output=True) #sends only one package, faster
            ipadressen[ipadresse] = outputcap
        except Exception as Fehler:
            print(Fehler)
    t = [kthread.KThread(target = ping, name = f"ipgetter{ipend}", args=(f'192.168.0.{ipend}',)) for ipend in range(255)] #prepares threads
    [kk.start() for kk in t] #starts 255 threads
    while len(ipadressen) < 255:
        print('Searching network')
        sleep(.3)
    alldevices = []
    for key, item in ipadressen.items():
        if not 'unreachable' in item.stdout.decode('utf-8') and 'failure' not in item.stdout.decode('utf-8'): #checks if there wasn't neither general failure nor 'unrechable host'
            alldevices.append(key)
    return alldevices

allips = getips() #takes 1.5 seconds on my pc

Answer 10

此问题中的一个答案可能会对您有所帮助。 python似乎有一个与平台无关的版本，但我还没有尝试过。

Answer 11

这是一个小工具scanip ，可以帮助您获取网络中的所有ip地址及其对应的mac地址（适用于Linux）。

https://github.com/vivkv/scanip