[英]How to create a Python dictionary with double quotes as default quote format?
[英]How to create a double dictionary in Python?
我想使用setdefault()
函数在python的字典中创建字典。 我正在尝试使用休假字典列出姓名和出生日期。
names = {'Will': 'january', 'Mary': 'february', 'George': 'march', 'Steven': 'april', 'Peter': 'may'}
dates = {'Will': '7/01', 'George': '21/03', 'Steven': '14/03', 'Mary': '2/02'}
我试图使用set来实现这一点:
res_dict = dict()
for v, k in names.items():
for v1, k1 in dates.items():
res_dict.setdefault(v, {}).append(k)
res_dict.setdefault(v1, {}).append(k1)
return res_dict
但这给我一个错误。
结果应为:
res_dict = {'Will': {'january': '7/01'}, 'Mary' : {'february': '2/02'} ,'George': {'march': '21/03'}, 'Steven': {'april': '14/03'}, 'Peter': {'may': ''}}
如何使用setdefault()
获得所需的结果?
您可以尝试以下方法:
In [17]: results = {}
In [18]: for k, v in names.iteritems():
results[k] = {v: dates.setdefault(k, '')}
....:
....:
In [20]: results
Out[20]:
{'George': {'march': '21/02'},
'Mary': {'february': '2/02'},
'Peter': {'may': ''},
'Steven': {'april': '14/03'},
'Will': {'january': '7/01'}}
至于您对添加month
和day
评论,可以类似地添加它们:
In [28]: for k, v in names.iteritems():
results[k] = {'month': v, 'day': dates.setdefault(k, '')}
....:
....:
In [30]: results
Out[30]:
{'George': {'day': '21/02', 'month': 'march'},
'Mary': {'day': '2/02', 'month': 'february'},
'Peter': {'day': '', 'month': 'may'},
'Steven': {'day': '14/03', 'month': 'april'},
'Will': {'day': '7/01', 'month': 'january'}}
如果您想在不存在值的情况下完全省略day
:
In [8]: results = {}
In [9]: for k, v in names.iteritems():
...: results[k] = {'month': v}
...: if dates.has_key(k):
...: results[k]['day'] = dates[k]
...:
...:
In [10]: results
Out[10]:
{'George': {'day': '21/03', 'month': 'march'},
'Mary': {'day': '2/02', 'month': 'february'},
'Peter': {'month': 'may'},
'Steven': {'day': '14/03', 'month': 'april'},
'Will': {'day': '7/01', 'month': 'january'}}
在您只知道日期但不知道月份的奇怪情况下,使用defaultdict
遍历一组键(如@KayZhu建议)可能是最简单的解决方案:
In [1]: from collections import defaultdict
In [2]: names = {'Will': 'january', 'Mary': 'february', 'George': 'march', 'Steven': 'april', 'Peter': 'may'}
In [3]: dates = {'Will': '7/01', 'George': '21/03', 'Steven': '14/03', 'Mary': '2/02', 'Marat': '27/03'}
In [4]: results = defaultdict(dict)
In [5]: for name in set(names.keys() + dates.keys()):
...: if name in names:
...: results[name]['month'] = names[name]
...: if name in dates:
...: results[name]['day'] = dates[name]
...:
...:
In [6]: for k, v in results.iteritems():
...: print k, v
...:
...:
George {'day': '21/03', 'month': 'march'}
Will {'day': '7/01', 'month': 'january'}
Marat {'day': '27/03'}
Steven {'day': '14/03', 'month': 'april'}
Peter {'month': 'may'}
Mary {'day': '2/02', 'month': 'february'}
一个简单的单线:
In [38]: names = {'Will': 'january', 'Mary': 'february', 'George': 'march', 'Steven': 'april', 'Peter': 'may'}
In [39]: dates = {'Will': '7/01', 'George': '21/03', 'Steven': '14/03', 'Mary': '2/02'}
In [40]: dict((name,{names[name]:dates.get(name,'')}) for name in names)
out[40]:
{'George': {'march': '21/03'},
'Mary': {'february': '2/02'},
'Peter': {'may': ''},
'Steven': {'april': '14/03'},
'Will': {'january': '7/01'}}
首先需要从names
和dates
获取超集键:
>>> for k in set(names.keys() + dates.keys()):
... res_dict[k] = {names.setdefault(k, ''): dates.setdefault(k, None)}
...
...
>>> res_dict
{'Will': {'january': '7/01'}, 'Steven': {'april': '14/03'}, 'Peter': {'may': None},
'Mary': {'february': '2/02'}, 'George': {'march': '21/03'}}
否则,您会错过键值是dates
而不是names
。
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