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[英]PowerShell - Import Excel then Export CSV without using Excel or COM
[英]How to export a CSV to Excel using Powershell
我正在嘗試使用 Powershell 將完整的 CSV 導出到 Excel。 我停留在使用靜態列名的地方。 但是,如果我的 CSV 具有通用的未知標題名稱,則這不起作用。
打開您的 PowerShell ISE 並復制並粘貼以下獨立代碼。 用F5運行它
“C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell_ise.exe”
Get-Process | Export-Csv -Path $env:temp\process.csv -NoTypeInformation
$processes = Import-Csv -Path $env:temp\process.csv
$Excel = New-Object -ComObject excel.application
$workbook = $Excel.workbooks.add()
$i = 1
foreach($process in $processes)
{
$excel.cells.item($i,1) = $process.name
$excel.cells.item($i,2) = $process.vm
$i++
}
Remove-Item $env:temp\process.csv
$Excel.visible = $true
$processes
變量下name
和vm
列中的所有值寫入 Excelname
和vm
)。 如何處理我不知道標頭名稱的值?Import-Csv
閱讀后)我只想用 Powershell 將整個 CSV 寫入 Excel
Ups,我完全忘記了這個問題。 與此同時,我得到了一個解決方案。
此 Powershell 腳本在后台將 CSV 轉換為 XLSX
=B1+B2
或0000001
。#Name
或類似的東西。 沒有自動格式化。### Set input and output path
$inputCSV = "C:\somefolder\input.csv"
$outputXLSX = "C:\somefolder\output.xlsx"
### Create a new Excel Workbook with one empty sheet
$excel = New-Object -ComObject excel.application
$workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Add(1)
$worksheet = $workbook.worksheets.Item(1)
### Build the QueryTables.Add command
### QueryTables does the same as when clicking "Data » From Text" in Excel
$TxtConnector = ("TEXT;" + $inputCSV)
$Connector = $worksheet.QueryTables.add($TxtConnector,$worksheet.Range("A1"))
$query = $worksheet.QueryTables.item($Connector.name)
### Set the delimiter (, or ;) according to your regional settings
$query.TextFileOtherDelimiter = $Excel.Application.International(5)
### Set the format to delimited and text for every column
### A trick to create an array of 2s is used with the preceding comma
$query.TextFileParseType = 1
$query.TextFileColumnDataTypes = ,2 * $worksheet.Cells.Columns.Count
$query.AdjustColumnWidth = 1
### Execute & delete the import query
$query.Refresh()
$query.Delete()
### Save & close the Workbook as XLSX. Change the output extension for Excel 2003
$Workbook.SaveAs($outputXLSX,51)
$excel.Quit()
我正在使用 excelcnv.exe 將 csv 轉換為 xlsx,這似乎工作正常。 您必須將目錄更改為 excelcnv 所在的位置。 如果是 32 位,則轉到 Program Files (x86)
Start-Process -FilePath 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\root\Office16\excelcnv.exe' -ArgumentList "-nme -oice ""$xlsFilePath"" ""$xlsToxlsxPath"""
你為什么要打擾? 將您的 CSV 加載到 Excel 中,如下所示:
$csv = Join-Path $env:TEMP "process.csv"
$xls = Join-Path $env:TEMP "process.xlsx"
$xl = New-Object -COM "Excel.Application"
$xl.Visible = $true
$wb = $xl.Workbooks.OpenText($csv)
$wb.SaveAs($xls, 51)
您只需要確保 CSV 導出使用區域設置中定義的分隔符。 如果需要,用-Delimiter
覆蓋。
編輯:一個更通用的解決方案,應該將 CSV 中的值保留為純文本。 用於迭代從此處獲取的 CSV 列的代碼。
$csv = Join-Path $env:TEMP "input.csv"
$xls = Join-Path $env:TEMP "output.xlsx"
$xl = New-Object -COM "Excel.Application"
$xl.Visible = $true
$wb = $xl.Workbooks.Add()
$ws = $wb.Sheets.Item(1)
$ws.Cells.NumberFormat = "@"
$i = 1
Import-Csv $csv | ForEach-Object {
$j = 1
foreach ($prop in $_.PSObject.Properties) {
if ($i -eq 1) {
$ws.Cells.Item($i, $j++).Value = $prop.Name
} else {
$ws.Cells.Item($i, $j++).Value = $prop.Value
}
}
$i++
}
$wb.SaveAs($xls, 51)
$wb.Close()
$xl.Quit()
[System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($xl)
顯然,第二種方法不會表現得很好,因為它單獨處理每個單元格。
這個話題對我很有幫助,所以我想分享我的改進。 所有學分都歸於 nixda ,這是基於他的回答。
對於那些需要在一個文件夾中轉換多個 csv 的人,只需修改目錄即可。 輸出文件名將與輸入相同,只是具有另一個擴展名。
最后請注意清理,如果您想保留原始 csv,您可能不想刪除這些 .csv 文件。
可以輕松修改以將 xlsx 保存在另一個目錄中。
$workingdir = "C:\data\*.csv"
$csv = dir -path $workingdir
foreach($inputCSV in $csv){
$outputXLSX = $inputCSV.DirectoryName + "\" + $inputCSV.Basename + ".xlsx"
### Create a new Excel Workbook with one empty sheet
$excel = New-Object -ComObject excel.application
$excel.DisplayAlerts = $False
$workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Add(1)
$worksheet = $workbook.worksheets.Item(1)
### Build the QueryTables.Add command
### QueryTables does the same as when clicking "Data » From Text" in Excel
$TxtConnector = ("TEXT;" + $inputCSV)
$Connector = $worksheet.QueryTables.add($TxtConnector,$worksheet.Range("A1"))
$query = $worksheet.QueryTables.item($Connector.name)
### Set the delimiter (, or ;) according to your regional settings
### $Excel.Application.International(3) = ,
### $Excel.Application.International(5) = ;
$query.TextFileOtherDelimiter = $Excel.Application.International(5)
### Set the format to delimited and text for every column
### A trick to create an array of 2s is used with the preceding comma
$query.TextFileParseType = 1
$query.TextFileColumnDataTypes = ,2 * $worksheet.Cells.Columns.Count
$query.AdjustColumnWidth = 1
### Execute & delete the import query
$query.Refresh()
$query.Delete()
### Save & close the Workbook as XLSX. Change the output extension for Excel 2003
$Workbook.SaveAs($outputXLSX,51)
$excel.Quit()
}
## To exclude an item, use the '-exclude' parameter (wildcards if needed)
remove-item -path $workingdir -exclude *Crab4dq.csv
如果您想在不安裝 Excel 的情況下將 CSV 轉換為 Excel,您可以使用強大的 .NET 庫EPPlus (在 LGPL 許可下)來創建和修改 Excel 表格,並將 CSV 轉換為 Excel 非常快!
$HOME\\Documents\\WindowsPowerShell\\Modules\\EPPlus
)[Reflection.Assembly]::UnsafeLoadFrom($DLLPath) | Out-Null
[Reflection.Assembly]::UnsafeLoadFrom($DLLPath) | Out-Null
# Create temporary CSV and Excel file names
$FileNameCSV = "$HOME\Downloads\test.csv"
$FileNameExcel = "$HOME\Downloads\test.xlsx"
# Create CSV File (with first line containing type information and empty last line)
Get-Process | Export-Csv -Delimiter ';' -Encoding UTF8 -Path $FileNameCSV
# Load EPPlus
$DLLPath = "$HOME\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\EPPlus\EPPlus.dll"
[Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFile($DLLPath) | Out-Null
# Set CSV Format
$Format = New-object -TypeName OfficeOpenXml.ExcelTextFormat
$Format.Delimiter = ";"
# use Text Qualifier if your CSV entries are quoted, e.g. "Cell1","Cell2"
$Format.TextQualifier = '"'
$Format.Encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
$Format.SkipLinesBeginning = '1'
$Format.SkipLinesEnd = '1'
# Set Preferred Table Style
$TableStyle = [OfficeOpenXml.Table.TableStyles]::Medium1
# Create Excel File
$ExcelPackage = New-Object OfficeOpenXml.ExcelPackage
$Worksheet = $ExcelPackage.Workbook.Worksheets.Add("FromCSV")
# Load CSV File with first row as heads using a table style
$null=$Worksheet.Cells.LoadFromText((Get-Item $FileNameCSV),$Format,$TableStyle,$true)
# Load CSV File without table style
#$null=$Worksheet.Cells.LoadFromText($file,$format)
# Fit Column Size to Size of Content
$Worksheet.Cells[$Worksheet.Dimension.Address].AutoFitColumns()
# Save Excel File
$ExcelPackage.SaveAs($FileNameExcel)
Write-Host "CSV File $FileNameCSV converted to Excel file $FileNameExcel"
這是一個對我來說效果更好的輕微變化。
$csv = Join-Path $env:TEMP "input.csv"
$xls = Join-Path $env:TEMP "output.xlsx"
$xl = new-object -comobject excel.application
$xl.visible = $false
$Workbook = $xl.workbooks.open($CSV)
$Worksheets = $Workbooks.worksheets
$Workbook.SaveAs($XLS,1)
$Workbook.Saved = $True
$xl.Quit()
我在讓其他示例工作時遇到了一些問題。
EPPlus 和其他庫生成 OpenDocument Xml 格式,這與您從 Excel 保存為 xlsx 時獲得的格式不同。
macks 示例與開放的 CSV 和只是重新保存沒有工作,我從來沒有設法讓 ',' 分隔符被正確使用。
Ansgar Wiechers 的例子有一些小錯誤,我在評論中找到了答案。
無論如何,這是一個完整的工作示例。 將此保存在文件 CsvToExcel.ps1 中
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$inputfile,
[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][string]$outputfile
)
$excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
$excel.Visible = $false
$wb = $excel.Workbooks.Add()
$ws = $wb.Sheets.Item(1)
$ws.Cells.NumberFormat = "@"
write-output "Opening $inputfile"
$i = 1
Import-Csv $inputfile | Foreach-Object {
$j = 1
foreach ($prop in $_.PSObject.Properties)
{
if ($i -eq 1) {
$ws.Cells.Item($i, $j) = $prop.Name
} else {
$ws.Cells.Item($i, $j) = $prop.Value
}
$j++
}
$i++
}
$wb.SaveAs($outputfile,51)
$wb.Close()
$excel.Quit()
write-output "Success"
執行:
.\CsvToExcel.ps1 -inputfile "C:\Temp\X\data.csv" -outputfile "C:\Temp\X\data.xlsx"
我在通過並尋找有關如何將一組 csvs 編譯成單個 excel 文檔的答案時發現了這一點,其中工作表(選項卡)以 csv 文件命名。 這是一個不錯的功能。 遺憾的是,我無法在我的網絡上運行它們 :( 所以我不知道它的效果如何。
Function Release-Ref ($ref)
{
([System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject(
[System.__ComObject]$ref) -gt 0)
[System.GC]::Collect()
[System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()
}
Function ConvertCSV-ToExcel
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Converts one or more CSV files into an excel file.
.DESCRIPTION
Converts one or more CSV files into an excel file. Each CSV file is imported into its own worksheet with the name of the
file being the name of the worksheet.
.PARAMETER inputfile
Name of the CSV file being converted
.PARAMETER output
Name of the converted excel file
.EXAMPLE
Get-ChildItem *.csv | ConvertCSV-ToExcel -output ‘report.xlsx’
.EXAMPLE
ConvertCSV-ToExcel -inputfile ‘file.csv’ -output ‘report.xlsx’
.EXAMPLE
ConvertCSV-ToExcel -inputfile @(“test1.csv”,”test2.csv”) -output ‘report.xlsx’
.NOTES
Author: Boe Prox
Date Created: 01SEPT210
Last Modified:
#>
#Requires -version 2.0
[CmdletBinding(
SupportsShouldProcess = $True,
ConfirmImpact = ‘low’,
DefaultParameterSetName = ‘file’
)]
Param (
[Parameter(
ValueFromPipeline=$True,
Position=0,
Mandatory=$True,
HelpMessage=”Name of CSV/s to import”)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[array]$inputfile,
[Parameter(
ValueFromPipeline=$False,
Position=1,
Mandatory=$True,
HelpMessage=”Name of excel file output”)]
[ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]
[string]$output
)
Begin {
#Configure regular expression to match full path of each file
[regex]$regex = “^\w\:\\”
#Find the number of CSVs being imported
$count = ($inputfile.count -1)
#Create Excel Com Object
$excel = new-object -com excel.application
#Disable alerts
$excel.DisplayAlerts = $False
#Show Excel application
$excel.V isible = $False
#Add workbook
$workbook = $excel.workbooks.Add()
#Remove other worksheets
$workbook.worksheets.Item(2).delete()
#After the first worksheet is removed,the next one takes its place
$workbook.worksheets.Item(2).delete()
#Define initial worksheet number
$i = 1
}
Process {
ForEach ($input in $inputfile) {
#If more than one file, create another worksheet for each file
If ($i -gt 1) {
$workbook.worksheets.Add() | Out-Null
}
#Use the first worksheet in the workbook (also the newest created worksheet is always 1)
$worksheet = $workbook.worksheets.Item(1)
#Add name of CSV as worksheet name
$worksheet.name = “$((GCI $input).basename)”
#Open the CSV file in Excel, must be converted into complete path if no already done
If ($regex.ismatch($input)) {
$tempcsv = $excel.Workbooks.Open($input)
}
ElseIf ($regex.ismatch(“$($input.fullname)”)) {
$tempcsv = $excel.Workbooks.Open(“$($input.fullname)”)
}
Else {
$tempcsv = $excel.Workbooks.Open(“$($pwd)\$input”)
}
$tempsheet = $tempcsv.Worksheets.Item(1)
#Copy contents of the CSV file
$tempSheet.UsedRange.Copy() | Out-Null
#Paste contents of CSV into existing workbook
$worksheet.Paste()
#Close temp workbook
$tempcsv.close()
#Select all used cells
$range = $worksheet.UsedRange
#Autofit the columns
$range.EntireColumn.Autofit() | out-null
$i++
}
}
End {
#Save spreadsheet
$workbook.saveas(“$pwd\$output”)
Write-Host -Fore Green “File saved to $pwd\$output”
#Close Excel
$excel.quit()
#Release processes for Excel
$a = Release-Ref($range)
}
}
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