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使用async / await調用WCF服務的模式

[英]Pattern for calling WCF service using async/await

我使用基於任務的操作生成了代理。

應該如何使用async / await正確調用此服務(之后處理ServiceClientOperationContext )?

我的第一次嘗試是:

public async Task<HomeInfo> GetHomeInfoAsync(DateTime timestamp)
{
    using (var helper = new ServiceHelper<ServiceClient, ServiceContract>())
    {
        return await helper.Proxy.GetHomeInfoAsync(timestamp);
    }
}

作為ServiceHelper一個類,它創建ServiceClientOperationContextScope並在之后處理它們:

try
{
    if (_operationContextScope != null)
    {
        _operationContextScope.Dispose();
    }

    if (_serviceClient != null)
    {
        if (_serviceClient.State != CommunicationState.Faulted)
        {
            _serviceClient.Close();
        }
        else
        {
            _serviceClient.Abort();
        }
    }
}
catch (CommunicationException)
{
    _serviceClient.Abort();
}
catch (TimeoutException)
{
    _serviceClient.Abort();
}
catch (Exception)
{
    _serviceClient.Abort();
    throw;
}
finally
{
    _operationContextScope = null;
    _serviceClient = null;
}

但是,當同時調用兩個服務時出現以下錯誤,這種情況很糟糕:“此OperationContextScope正在處理與創建時不同的線程。”

MSDN說:

不要在OperationContextScope塊中使用異步“await”模式。 當繼續發生時,它可以在不同的線程上運行,而OperationContextScope是特定於線程的。 如果需要為異步調用調用“await”,請在OperationContextScope塊之外使用它。

這就是問題所在! 但是,我們如何正確地修復它?

這家伙做了MSDN說的話

private async void DoStuffWithDoc(string docId)
{
   var doc = await GetDocumentAsync(docId);
   if (doc.YadaYada)
   {
        // more code here
   }
}

public Task<Document> GetDocumentAsync(string docId)
{
  var docClient = CreateDocumentServiceClient();
  using (new OperationContextScope(docClient.InnerChannel))
  {
    return docClient.GetDocumentAsync(docId);
  }
}

我的代碼問題是他從不在ServiceClient上調用Close(或Abort)。

我還找到了一種使用自定義SynchronizationContext傳播OperationContextScope方法。 但是,除了它是很多“有風險”的代碼之外,他還指出:

值得注意的是,它確實有一些關於操作上下文范圍處理的小問題(因為它們只允許你將它們放在調用線程上),但這似乎不是一個問題,因為(至少根據反匯編),它們實現Dispose()但不實現Finalize()。

那么,我們這里運氣不好嗎? 有沒有經過驗證的模式,使用async / await調用WCF服務並同時處理ServiceClientOperationContextScope 也許某人形成微軟(也許是大師Stephen Toub :))可以提供幫助。

謝謝!

[UPDATE]

在用戶Noseratio的大量幫助下,我想出了一些有用的東西:不要使用OperationContextScope 如果你正在使用它任何的這些理由,試圖找到適合您的方案一種解決方法。 否則,如果你真的,真的,需要OperationContextScope ,你將不得不想出一個可以捕獲它的SynchronizationContext的實現,這看起來很難 (如果可能的話 - 必須有一個原因,為什么這不是默認行為)。

所以,完整的工作代碼是:

public async Task<HomeInfo> GetHomeInfoAsync(DateTime timestamp)
{
    using (var helper = new ServiceHelper<ServiceClient, ServiceContract>())
    {
        return await helper.Proxy.GetHomeInfoAsync(timestamp);
    }
}

ServiceHelper是:

public class ServiceHelper<TServiceClient, TService> : IDisposable
    where TServiceClient : ClientBase<TService>, new()
    where TService : class
{
protected bool _isInitialized;
    protected TServiceClient _serviceClient;

    public TServiceClient Proxy
    {
        get
        {
            if (!_isInitialized)
            {
                Initialize();
                _isInitialized = true;
            }
            else if (_serviceClient == null)
            {
                throw new ObjectDisposedException("ServiceHelper");
            }

            return _serviceClient;
        }
    }

    protected virtual void Initialize()
    {
        _serviceClient = new TServiceClient();
    }

    // Implement IDisposable.
    // Do not make this method virtual.
    // A derived class should not be able to override this method.
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);

        // Take yourself off the Finalization queue 
        // to prevent finalization code for this object
        // from executing a second time.
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    // Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
    // If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
    // or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
    // can be disposed.
    // If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the 
    // runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference 
    // other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        // If disposing equals true, dispose all managed 
        // and unmanaged resources.
        if (disposing)
        {
            try
            {
                if (_serviceClient != null)
                {
                    if (_serviceClient.State != CommunicationState.Faulted)
                    {
                        _serviceClient.Close();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        _serviceClient.Abort();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (CommunicationException)
            {
                _serviceClient.Abort();
            }
            catch (TimeoutException)
            {
                _serviceClient.Abort();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                _serviceClient.Abort();
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                _serviceClient = null;
            }
        }
    }
}

請注意,該類支持擴展; 也許你需要繼承並提供證書。

唯一可能的“問題”是,在GetHomeInfoAsync ,您不能只返回從代理獲得的Task (這看起來應該是自然的,為什么在您擁有Task時創建一個新Task )。 好吧,在這種情況下,您需要await代理Task然后關閉(或中止) ServiceClient ,否則您將在調用服務后立即關閉它(當通過網絡發送字節時)!

好吧,我們有辦法讓它發揮作用,但是從權威來源得到答案會很好,正如Noseratio所說。

我認為一個可行的解決方案可能是使用自定義awaiter通過OperationContext.Current來傳遞新的操作上下文。 OperationContext本身的實現似乎不需要線程關聯。 這是模式:

async Task TestAsync()
{
    using(var client = new WcfAPM.ServiceClient())
    using (var scope = new FlowingOperationContextScope(client.InnerChannel))
    {
        await client.SomeMethodAsync(1).ContinueOnScope(scope);
        await client.AnotherMethodAsync(2).ContinueOnScope(scope);
    }
}

這是FlowingOperationContextScopeContinueOnScope的實現(僅經過輕微測試):

public sealed class FlowingOperationContextScope : IDisposable
{
    bool _inflight = false;
    bool _disposed;
    OperationContext _thisContext = null;
    OperationContext _originalContext = null;

    public FlowingOperationContextScope(IContextChannel channel):
        this(new OperationContext(channel))
    {
    }

    public FlowingOperationContextScope(OperationContext context)
    {
        _originalContext = OperationContext.Current;
        OperationContext.Current = _thisContext = context;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (!_disposed)
        {
            if (_inflight || OperationContext.Current != _thisContext)
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            _disposed = true;
            OperationContext.Current = _originalContext;
            _thisContext = null;
            _originalContext = null;
        }
    }

    internal void BeforeAwait()
    {
        if (_inflight)
            return;
        _inflight = true;
        // leave _thisContext as the current context
   }

    internal void AfterAwait()
    {
        if (!_inflight)
            throw new InvalidOperationException();
        _inflight = false;
        // ignore the current context, restore _thisContext
        OperationContext.Current = _thisContext;
    }
}

// ContinueOnScope extension
public static class TaskExt
{
    public static SimpleAwaiter<TResult> ContinueOnScope<TResult>(this Task<TResult> @this, FlowingOperationContextScope scope)
    {
        return new SimpleAwaiter<TResult>(@this, scope.BeforeAwait, scope.AfterAwait);
    }

    // awaiter
    public class SimpleAwaiter<TResult> :
        System.Runtime.CompilerServices.INotifyCompletion
    {
        readonly Task<TResult> _task;

        readonly Action _beforeAwait;
        readonly Action _afterAwait;

        public SimpleAwaiter(Task<TResult> task, Action beforeAwait, Action afterAwait)
        {
            _task = task;
            _beforeAwait = beforeAwait;
            _afterAwait = afterAwait;
        }

        public SimpleAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter()
        {
            return this;
        }

        public bool IsCompleted
        {
            get 
            {
                // don't do anything if the task completed synchronously
                // (we're on the same thread)
                if (_task.IsCompleted)
                    return true;
                _beforeAwait();
                return false;
            }

        }

        public TResult GetResult()
        {
            return _task.Result;
        }

        // INotifyCompletion
        public void OnCompleted(Action continuation)
        {
            _task.ContinueWith(task =>
            {
                _afterAwait();
                continuation();
            },
            CancellationToken.None,
            TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously,
            SynchronizationContext.Current != null ?
                TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext() :
                TaskScheduler.Current);
        }
    }
}

簡單的方法是將await移動到using塊之外

public Task<Document> GetDocumentAsync(string docId)
{
    var docClient = CreateDocumentServiceClient();
    using (new OperationContextScope(docClient.InnerChannel))
    {
        var task = docClient.GetDocumentAsync(docId);
    }
    return await task;
}

我決定編寫自己的代碼來幫助解決這個問題,以防萬一這有助於任何人。 似乎不會出錯(不可預見的比賽等)與上面的SimpleAwaiter實現相比,但你是判斷:

public static class WithOperationContextTaskExtensions
{
    public static ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter<TResult> WithOperationContext<TResult>(this Task<TResult> @this, bool configureAwait = true)
    {
        return new ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter<TResult>(@this, configureAwait);
    }

    public static ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter WithOperationContext(this Task @this, bool configureAwait = true)
    {
        return new ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter(@this, configureAwait);
    }

    public class ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter : INotifyCompletion
    {
        private readonly ConfiguredTaskAwaitable.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter _awaiter;
        private OperationContext _operationContext;

        public ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter(Task task, bool continueOnCapturedContext = true)
        {
            if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("task");

            _awaiter = task.ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext).GetAwaiter();
        }

        public ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter GetAwaiter() { return this; }

        public bool IsCompleted { get { return _awaiter.IsCompleted; } }

        public void OnCompleted(Action continuation)
        {
            _operationContext = OperationContext.Current;
            _awaiter.OnCompleted(continuation);
        }

        public void GetResult()
        {
            OperationContext.Current = _operationContext;
            _awaiter.GetResult();
        }
    }

    public class ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter<TResult> : INotifyCompletion
    {
        private readonly ConfiguredTaskAwaitable<TResult>.ConfiguredTaskAwaiter _awaiter;
        private OperationContext _operationContext;

        public ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter(Task<TResult> task, bool continueOnCapturedContext = true)
        {
            if (task == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("task");

            _awaiter = task.ConfigureAwait(continueOnCapturedContext).GetAwaiter();
        }

        public ContinueOnOperationContextAwaiter<TResult> GetAwaiter() { return this; }

        public bool IsCompleted { get { return _awaiter.IsCompleted; } }

        public void OnCompleted(Action continuation)
        {
            _operationContext = OperationContext.Current;
            _awaiter.OnCompleted(continuation);
        }

        public TResult GetResult()
        {
            OperationContext.Current = _operationContext;
            return _awaiter.GetResult();
        }
    }
}

用法(一點手動和嵌套未經測試......):

    /// <summary>
    /// Make a call to the service
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="action"></param>
    /// <param name="endpoint"> </param>
    public async Task<ResultCallWrapper<TResult>> CallAsync<TResult>(Func<T, Task<TResult>> action, EndpointAddress endpoint)
    {
        using (ChannelLifetime<T> channelLifetime = new ChannelLifetime<T>(ConstructChannel(endpoint)))
        {
            // OperationContextScope doesn't work with async/await
            var oldContext = OperationContext.Current;
            OperationContext.Current = new OperationContext((IContextChannel)channelLifetime.Channel);

            var result = await action(channelLifetime.Channel)
                .WithOperationContext(configureAwait: false);

            HttpResponseMessageProperty incomingMessageProperty = (HttpResponseMessageProperty)OperationContext.Current.IncomingMessageProperties[HttpResponseMessageProperty.Name];

            string[] keys = incomingMessageProperty.Headers.AllKeys;
            var headersOrig = keys.ToDictionary(t => t, t => incomingMessageProperty.Headers[t]);

            OperationContext.Current = oldContext;

            return new ResultCallWrapper<TResult>(result, new ReadOnlyDictionary<string, string>(headersOrig));
        }
    }

.Net 4.6.2支持異步流。

我們在.Net 4.6上運行了一個ASP.Net WebApi應用程序,我們使用了接受的答案。 當前同步上下文為AspNetSynchronizationContext時, TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()導致死鎖問題。

我相信延續任務在實際任務之后排隊,導致實際任務在等待繼續,而繼續任務必須運行才能完成實際任務。 即任務都在相互等待。

所以我通過更改使用繼續任務來使用TaskAwaiter來修復問題。 請參閱: https//blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/lucian/2012/12/11/how-to-write-a-custom-awaiter/

這一段時間已經有一段時間了,但我會用我自己的自制解決方案。

如果一個人不介意沒有OperationContextScope ,可以考慮以下幾點:

擴展方法

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Intexx.ServiceModel
{
    public static class WcfExtensions
    {
        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static void Call<TChannel>(this TChannel Client, Action<TChannel> Method) where TChannel : ICommunicationObject
        {
            try
            {
                Method.Invoke(Client);
            }
            finally
            {
                Cleanup(Client);
            }
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public static TResult Call<TChannel, TResult>(this TChannel Client, Func<TChannel, TResult> Method) where TChannel : ICommunicationObject
        {
            try
            {
                return Method.Invoke(Client);
            }
            finally
            {
                Cleanup(Client);
            }
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public async static Task CallAsync<TChannel>(this TChannel Client, Func<TChannel, Task> Method) where TChannel : ICommunicationObject
        {
            try
            {
                await Method.Invoke(Client);
            }
            finally
            {
                Cleanup(Client);
            }
        }

        [DebuggerStepThrough]
        public async static Task<TResult> CallAsync<TChannel, TResult>(this TChannel Client, Func<TChannel, Task<TResult>> Method) where TChannel : ICommunicationObject
        {
            try
            {
                return await Method.Invoke(Client);
            }
            finally
            {
                Cleanup(Client);
            }
        }

        private static void Cleanup<TChannel>(TChannel Client) where TChannel : ICommunicationObject
        {
            try
            {
                if (Client.IsNotNull)
                {
                    if (Client.State == CommunicationState.Faulted)
                        Client.Abort();
                    else
                        Client.Close();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Client.Abort();

                if (!ex is CommunicationException && !ex is TimeoutException)
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message, ex);
            }

            finally
            {
                Client = null;
            }
        }
    }
}

客戶類

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Reader
{
    public class Client
    {
        public static CemReaderClient Create()
        {
            Tuple<Channels.Binding, EndpointAddress, double> oService;

            try
            {
                oService = Main.Services(typeof(ICemReader));
                return new CemReaderClient(oService.Item1, oService.Item2);
            }
            catch (KeyNotFoundException ex)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }
    }
}

用法 (在VB中,因為代碼不會轉換)

Using oReader As Reader.CemReaderClient = Reader.Client.Create
  If oReader.IsNotNothing Then
    Dim lIsReading = Await oReader.CallAsync(Function(Reader As Reader.CemReaderClient)
                                               Me.ConfigFilePath = If(Me.ConfigFilePath, Reader.GetConfigFilePath)
                                               Me.BackupDrive = If(Me.BackupDrive, Reader.GetBackupDrive)
                                               Me.SerialPort = If(Me.SerialPort, Reader.GetSerialPort)
                                               Me.LogFolder = If(Me.LogFolder, Reader.GetLogFolder)

                                               Return Reader.GetIsReadingAsync
                                             End Function)
  End If
End Using

我已經在客戶端以大約15個呼叫/秒的頻率負載在生產中可靠地運行(這與串行處理允許的速度一樣快)。 那是在一個單獨的線程上 - 雖然這沒有經過嚴格的線程安全測試。 因人而異。

在我的例子中,我決定將擴展方法轉換為他們自己的私有NuGet包。 事實證明整個結構非常方便。

當然,如果最終需要OperationContextScope ,則必須重新評估。

Client類中的Tuple位用於Service Discovery支持。 如果有人也希望看到這些代碼,請大聲說出來,我會更新我的答案。

我有點困惑,我在WCF中找到了這個Blog: 基於任務的異步操作

這是一個異步的wcf通信:

[ServiceContract]
public interface IMessage
{
    [OperationContract]
    Task<string> GetMessages(string msg);
}

public class MessageService : IMessage
{
   async Task<string> IMessage.GetMessages(string msg)
   {
      var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                                     {
                                         Thread.Sleep(10000);
                                         return "Return from Server : " + msg;
                                     });
     return await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
   }
}

客戶:

var client = new Proxy("BasicHttpBinding_IMessage");
       var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => client.GetMessages("Hello"));
       var str = await task;

那么這也是一個好方法嗎?

我遇到了同樣的問題,但是我突然意識到我根本不需要使用async / await。

由於您沒有對結果進行后期處理,因此無需等待回復。 如果您確實需要處理結果,只需使用舊時尚TPL延續。

public Task<MyDomainModel> GetHomeInfoAsync(DateTime timestamp)
{
    using (var helper = new ServiceHelper<ServiceClient, ServiceContract>())
    {
        return helper.Proxy.GetHomeInfoAsync(timestamp).ContinueWith(antecedent=>processReplay(antecedent.Result));
    }
}

我不知道這是否有幫助,但在我的搜索中看到這個問題以回答同樣的問題后,我發現了這一點

從那導致,我認為你的代碼應該是這樣的:

public async Task<HomeInfo> GetHomeInfoAsync(DateTime timestamp)
{
    using (var client = CreateDocumentServiceClient())
    {
        await client.BeginGetHomeInfoAsync(timestamp);
    }
}

我意識到我的答案來得相當晚:P但它可能對其他人有幫助。

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