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[英]AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'next' and Function missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'
[英]Function missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'
我正在嘗試編寫一個繪制Spirograph的Python龜程序,我不斷收到此錯誤:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 36, in <module>
main()
File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 16, in main
spirograph(R,r,p,x,y)
File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 27, in spirograph
spirograph(p-1, x,y)
TypeError: spirograph() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'
>>>
這是代碼:
from turtle import *
from math import *
def main():
p= int(input("enter p"))
R=100
r=4
t=2*pi
x= (R-r)*cos(t)-(r+p)*cos((R-r)/r*t)
y= (R-r)*sin(t)-(r+p)*sin((R-r)/r*t)
spirograph(R,r,p,x,y)
def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y):
R=100
r=4
t=2*pi
x= (R-r)*cos(t)-(r+p)*cos((R-r)/r*t)
y= (R-r)*sin(t)-(r+p)*sin((R-r)/r*t)
while p<100 and p>10:
goto(x,y)
spirograph(p-1, x,y)
if p<10 or p>100:
print("invalid p value, enter value between 10 nd 100")
input("hit enter to quite")
bye()
main()
我知道這可能有一個簡單的解決方案,但我真的無法弄清楚我做錯了什么,這是我的計算機科學1課的練習,我不知道如何修復錯誤。
回溯的最后一行告訴您問題所在:
File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 27, in spirograph
spirograph(p-1, x,y) # <--- this is the problem line
TypeError: spirograph() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'
在你的代碼中, spirograph()
函數有5個參數: def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y)
,它們是R
, r
, p
, x
, y
。 在錯誤消息中突出顯示的行中,您只傳遞三個參數p-1, x, y
,並且由於這與函數所期望的不匹配,因此Python會引發錯誤。
我還注意到你正在覆蓋函數體中的一些參數:
def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y):
R=100 # this will cancel out whatever the user passes in as `R`
r=4 # same here for the value of `r`
t=2*pi
這是一個簡單的例子:
>>> def example(a, b, c=100):
... a = 1 # notice here I am assigning 'a'
... b = 2 # and here the value of 'b' is being overwritten
... # The value of c is set to 100 by default
... print(a,b,c)
...
>>> example(4,5) # Here I am passing in 4 for a, and 5 for b
(1, 2, 100) # but notice its not taking any effect
>>> example(9,10,11) # Here I am passing in a value for c
(1, 2, 11)
由於您始終希望將此值保留為默認值,因此您可以從函數的簽名中刪除這些參數:
def spirograph(p,x,y):
# ... the rest of your code
或者,您可以給他們一些默認值:
def spirograph(p,x,y,R=100,r=4):
# ... the rest of your code
由於這是一個分配,其余由你決定。
該錯誤告訴您,您使用的參數太少而無法調用spirograph
更改此代碼:
while p<100 and p>10:
goto(x,y)
spirograph(R,r, p-1, x,y) # pass on the missing R and r
你沒有使用這些參數,但你仍然必須將它們交給函數來調用它。
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