無法讓敵人追逐玩家pygame
[英]Cannot get the enemies to chase player pygame
問題描述
因此，我有這些敵人應該像舊的街機游戲RoboTron一樣吸引玩家。
問題是，只有幾個敵人會追隨玩家，而其他敵人只會站在那里，也許更多或更多的敵人會追隨玩家。 這里發生了什么？
這是移動敵人的代碼：
class Beetle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
'''class that builds up the player class'''
x_speed = 0
y_speed = 0
#Beetle construction stuff (images, goes here)
.
.
.
def speedChange(self,x,y):
self.x_speed += x
self.y_speed += y
def move_towards_player(self, player):
#contains the beetle to the screen
self.rect.clamp_ip(screen_rect)
# find normalized direction vector (dx, dy) between enemy and player
dx, dy = self.rect.x - player.rect.x, self.rect.y - player.rect.y
dist = math.hypot(dx, dy)
if dist == 0: #prevents a divide by zero erro
dist = 1
else:
dx, dy = dx / dist, dy / dist
# move along this normalized vector towards the player at current speed
self.rect.x += dx * self.x_speed
self.rect.y += dy * self.y_speed
while done == False:
while beetleCount < 10:
beetle = Beetle() #make a beetle
random1 = randint(0, width -1 ) #make random positions for the beetle
random2 = randint(0, height - 1)
beetle.rect.x = random1 #make new random nums
beetle.rect.y = random2
beetle_list.add(beetle) #add beetle to list
all_sprites_list.add(beetle)
beetleCount += 1 #increment count'''
for bug in beetle_list:
random1 = randint(-1, 1)
if random1 != 0:
random2 = randint(-1, 1)
else:
random2 = 0
bug.speedChange(random1, random2)
bug.move_towards_player(player)
這是完整的代碼，以供參考：
import pygame
import math
from pygame import K_SPACE
from random import randint
#Define some colors
black = (0,0,0)
white = (255,255,255)
magenta = (255,0,255)
darkOrange = (28, 44, 64)
pygame.init()
#beetleCount
beetleCount = 0
#set the width and height of the screen
width = 800
height = 400
size = [width,height]
mainScreen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
#make a rectangle of the screen size. This is for keeping
#the moving non-player objects in bounds
screen_rect = pygame.Rect((0,0), (width,height))
#set the window title
pygame.display.set_caption("My Game")
#Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
#clock that is used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
#list of all the sprites in the game
all_sprites_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
#sounds in the game that are played
gunshot = pygame.mixer.Sound("gunshot.ogg")
beetleDie = pygame.mixer.Sound("orc_die.ogg")
pygame.mixer.music.load("DeadCity.ogg")
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
#Functions VVV
def sprite_sheet_load(colorKey, spriteLocX, spriteLocY, spriteSizeX, spriteSizeY, fileName):
'''purpose: to extract a sprite from a sprite sheet at the choosen location'''
'''credit to StackOverFlow User hammyThePig for original concept.'''
sheet = pygame.image.load(fileName).convert()#loads up the sprite sheet.
sheet.set_colorkey(colorKey) #set the color key
#grabs the sprite at the given location
sprite = sheet.subsurface(pygame.Rect(spriteLocX, spriteLocY, spriteSizeX, spriteSizeY))
#returns the sprite to where ever it was called
return sprite
##Functions! ^^^
#classes VV
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
'''class that builds up the player class'''
x_speed = 0
y_speed = 0
imageIndex = 0
playerImagesUp = [] #lists for the player images
playerImagesDown = [] #lists for the player images
playerImagesLeft = [] #lists for the player images
playerImagesRight = [] #lists for the player images
playerDeathImages = [] # ""
#constructor function
def __init__(self):#create a self variable to refer to the object
#call up the pygame sprite constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
#get the first row of the sprite sheet (moving up)
spriteXLoc = 15
spriteYLoc = 15
spriteXSize = 34
spriteYSize = 47
for x in range(0,9):
self.playerImagesUp.append(sprite_sheet_load(white, spriteXLoc, spriteYLoc, spriteXSize, spriteYSize, "mainCharacter.png"))
spriteXLoc += 64
#get the second row (moving left)
spriteXLoc = 15
spriteYLoc = 78
spriteXSize = 34
spriteYSize = 48
for x in range(0,9):
self.playerImagesLeft.append(sprite_sheet_load(white, spriteXLoc, spriteYLoc, spriteXSize, spriteYSize, "mainCharacter.png"))
spriteXLoc += 65
#get the third row (moving down)
spriteXLoc = 15
spriteYLoc = 143
spriteXSize = 33
spriteYSize = 49
for x in range(0,9):
self.playerImagesDown.append(sprite_sheet_load(white, spriteXLoc, spriteYLoc, spriteXSize, spriteYSize, "mainCharacter.png"))
spriteXLoc += 64
#get the fourth row (moving right)
spriteXLoc = 15
spriteYLoc = 207
spriteXSize = 34
spriteYSize = 48
for x in range(0,9):
self.playerImagesRight.append(sprite_sheet_load(white, spriteXLoc, spriteYLoc, spriteXSize, spriteYSize, "mainCharacter.png"))
spriteXLoc += 65
self.image = self.playerImagesDown[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
def speedChange(self,x,y):
'''adjust the player speed'''
self.x_speed += x
self.y_speed += y
def update(self):
'''animate and move the player'''
#move the character according to the speed it's moving
#self.rect.x += self.x_speed
#self.rect.y += self.y_speed
self.rect.move_ip(self.x_speed,self.y_speed)
if self.y_speed < 0: #if the player is moving up
self.image = self.playerImagesUp[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.playerImagesUp):
self.imageIndex = 0
if self.y_speed > 0: #if the player is moving down
self.image = self.playerImagesDown[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.playerImagesDown):
self.imageIndex = 0
if self.x_speed > 0: #if the player is moving right
self.image = self.playerImagesRight[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.playerImagesRight):
self.imageIndex = 0
if self.x_speed < 0: #if the player is moving left
self.image = self.playerImagesLeft[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.playerImagesLeft):
self.imageIndex = 0
class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
'''class the builds up the bullets that the player shoots'''
#constructor function
def __init__(self):
#call up the parent's constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
#set the size of the bullet
self.image = img = pygame.image.load("bullet.png").convert()
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
def move_bullet(self):
'''function tells the bullet what direction to go into'''
bulletSpeed=25
bulletDirection = 'down'
if self.bulletDirection =='left':#if the player is facing left
bullet.rect.x -= bulletSpeed #bullet will go in this direction at that speed
elif self.bulletDirection == 'right': #if the player is facing right
bullet.rect.x += bulletSpeed
elif self.bulletDirection == 'down': #if the player is facing down
bullet.rect.y += bulletSpeed
elif self.bulletDirection == 'up': #if the player if facing up
bullet.rect.y -=bulletSpeed
class Beetle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
'''class that builds up the player class'''
x_speed = 0
y_speed = 0
imageIndex = 0
BeetleImagesDown = [] #lists for the beetle images
BeetleImagesUp = [] #lists for the beetle images
BeetleImagesLeft = [] #lists for the beetle images
BeetleImagesRight = [] #lists for the beetle images
#constructor function
def __init__(self): #create a self variable to refer to the object
#call up the parent's constructor
pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
spriteXLoc=11
spriteYLoc=14
spriteXSize=30
spriteYSize=30
for x in range (0,5):
self.BeetleImagesDown.append(sprite_sheet_load(magenta,spriteXLoc,spriteYLoc,spriteXSize,spriteYSize, "beetle.png"))
spriteXLoc + 49
spriteXLoc=12
spriteYLoc=65
spriteXSize=28
spriteYSize=31
for x in range (0,5):
self.BeetleImagesUp.append(sprite_sheet_load(magenta,spriteXLoc,spriteYLoc,spriteXSize,spriteYSize,"beetle.png"))
spriteXLoc + 49
spriteXLoc=8
spriteYLoc=120
spriteXSize=35
spriteYSize=24
for x in range (0,5):
self.BeetleImagesRight.append(sprite_sheet_load(magenta,spriteXLoc,spriteYLoc,spriteXSize,spriteYSize,"beetle.png"))
spriteXLoc + 49
spriteXLoc=9
spriteYLoc=171
spriteXSize=36
spriteYSize=22
for x in range (0,5):
self.BeetleImagesLeft.append(sprite_sheet_load(magenta,spriteXLoc,spriteYLoc,spriteXSize,spriteYSize,"beetle.png"))
spriteXLoc + 49
self.image = self.BeetleImagesUp[0]
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
def speedChange(self,x,y):
self.x_speed += x
self.y_speed += y
def update(self):
#moves the beetle
self.rect.move_ip(self.x_speed,self.y_speed)
#contains the beetle to the screen
self.rect.clamp_ip(screen_rect)
if self.y_speed < 0: #if the beetle is moving up
self.image = self.BeetleImagesUp[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.BeetleImagesUp):
self.imageIndex = 0
if self.y_speed > 0: #if the beetle is moving down
self.image = self.BeetleImagesDown[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.BeetleImagesDown):
self.imageIndex = 0
if self.x_speed > 0: #if the beetle is moving right
self.image = self.BeetleImagesRight[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.BeetleImagesRight):
self.imageIndex = 0
if self.x_speed < 0: #if the beetle is moving left
self.image = self.BeetleImagesLeft[self.imageIndex]
self.imageIndex += 1
if self.imageIndex >= len(self.BeetleImagesLeft):
self.imageIndex = 0
def move_towards_player(self, player):
#contains the beetle to the screen
self.rect.clamp_ip(screen_rect)
# find normalized direction vector (dx, dy) between enemy and player
dx, dy = self.rect.x - player.rect.x, self.rect.y - player.rect.y
dist = math.hypot(dx, dy)
if dist == 0: #prevents a divide by zero erro
dist = 1
else:
dx, dy = dx / dist, dy / dist
# move along this normalized vector towards the player at current speed
self.rect.x += dx * self.x_speed
self.rect.y += dy * self.y_speed
##classes ^^
player = Player()
player.rect.x = 350
player.rect.y = 225
#list of all the bullets in the game
bullet_list = []
#default value to what direction the player is facing
faceWhatDirection = 'down'
all_sprites_list.add(player) #add player to list of objects
beetle_list = pygame.sprite.Group() #list of beetles in the game
# add the beetle list to list of objects
all_sprites_list.add(beetle_list)
###Main Program Loop
##NOTE: WATCH WHAT YOU ARE PUTTING IN THE LOOPS! EASY WAY TO GET A BUG!
while done == False:
#Event processing! --------------------------
for event in pygame.event.get(): #User did something
if event.type == pygame.QUIT: #if user clicked close
done = True #flag that we are done so we exit this loop
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key ==pygame.K_LEFT:
player.speedChange(-3,0)
#player.animate()
faceWhatDirection = 'left'
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
player.speedChange(3,0)
#player.animate()
faceWhatDirection = 'right'
elif event.key ==pygame.K_UP:
player.speedChange(0,-3)
#player.animate()
faceWhatDirection = 'up'
elif event.key ==pygame.K_DOWN:
player.speedChange(0,3)
#player.animate()
faceWhatDirection = 'down'
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
gunshot.play()
bullet = Bullet()
bullet_list.append(bullet)#adds the bullet to the bullet list
all_sprites_list.add(bullet)#adds the bullet to the sprite list
#put the bullet in same location as player
bullet.rect.x = player.rect.x
#add in a plus 15 so bullet doesn't spawn in player's face
bullet.rect.y = player.rect.y + 15
bullet.bulletDirection = faceWhatDirection
#user let up on a key
elif event.type ==pygame.KEYUP:
#if it is an arrow key, reset speed back to zero.
if event.key ==pygame.K_LEFT:
player.speedChange(3,0)
elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
player.speedChange(-3,0)
elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
player.speedChange(0,3)
elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
player.speedChange(0,-3)
player.update() #moves the player around
#event processing ------------^^
#Game handling! -------------VV
##beetle moving code --------------------------
#make some beetles
while beetleCount < 10:
beetle = Beetle() #make a beetle
random1 = randint(0, width -1 ) #make random positions for the beetle
random2 = randint(0, height - 1)
beetle.rect.x = random1 #make new random nums
beetle.rect.y = random2
beetle_list.add(beetle) #add beetle to list
all_sprites_list.add(beetle)
beetleCount += 1 #increment count'''
for bug in beetle_list:
random1 = randint(-1, 1)
if random1 != 0:
random2 = randint(-1, 1)
else:
random2 = 0
bug.speedChange(random1, random2)
bug.move_towards_player(player)
#moves the bullets
for bullet in bullet_list:
bullet.move_bullet()
#see if the bullet left the screen
if bullet.rect.y > 400 or bullet.rect.y < 0:
all_sprites_list.remove(bullet)
elif bullet.rect.x > 800 or bullet.rect.x < 0:
all_sprites_list.remove(bullet)
#see if bullet hit the beetle
beetle_hit_list = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(bullet,beetle_list,False)
for beetle in beetle_hit_list:
#remove the bullet and beetle if hit
#bullet_list.remove(bullet) #delete the bullet
all_sprites_list.remove(bullet) #remove it from the universal list
all_sprites_list.remove(beetle) #get rid of the bettle from the universal list
beetle_list.remove(beetle) #get rid of it from the beetle list
beetleDie.play() #play the beetle death sound
#Game Handling! -------------^^
#Drawing code! --------------VVV
#clear the screen to a set color
#NOTE, putting any drawing commands above this will erase
#whatever you are trying to put there
mainScreen.fill(white)
#draw the sprites
all_sprites_list.draw(mainScreen)
#update screen on the regular
pygame.display.flip()
#Drawing code! -----------------^^
#limit game frames to 20 frames per second
clock.tick(20)
#quit the program when the loop is ended
pygame.quit()
2 個解決方案
解決方案1
0 2013-12-08 10:10:13
self.rect.x += dx * self.x_speed
self.rect.y += dy * self.y_speed
但是x_speed和y_speed隨機為-1、0或1，對吧？ 然后它將向隨機方向移動...也許您是說值1比值-1更有可能。
解決方案2
0
我遇到了類似的問題，最終通過將obj.speed與obj.direction分離，並實現了一種策略模式來解決該問題，以便根據需要交換敵人的行為，從而解決了這個問題。
例如，讓Enemy類具有在self.update()調用期間調用的一系列方法：
def update(self):
self.unique_action()
self.shot_check() ##do I shoot or pass?
self.move()
self.find_rect() ##make sure the object's Rect is where it needs to be
因此self.move()使用字符串來確定對象應朝哪個方向以及如何應用其速度。
def move(self):
"""Calculates the new position for the object.
Uses strings to determine which direction to move in,
and uses a speed constant to determine how many pixels
in a given direction to move. A string representing
two directions ('upleft' or 'downright' for example)
will cause it to divide the speed constant by 1.4
so it does not appear to move faster when traveling diagonally."""
speedConstant = self.speed
if len(self.direction) > 5: ##can only happen if direction is diagonal!
speedConstant /= 1.4 ##close enough to sqrt(2) for me
if 'up' in self.direction:
self.y -= speedConstant
if 'down' in self.direction:
self.y += speedConstant
if 'left' in self.direction:
self.x -= speedConstant
if 'right' in self.direction:
self.x += speedConstant
這樣，根據對象的self.direction值移動對象。 之后，它將執行self.find_rect() ，在更改對象的x和y值后，將其Rect設置為正確的值。
然后可以以多種方式應用types.MethodType()器行為-作為對空def foo(self): pass的包裝def foo(self): pass或使用types.MethodType()或僅作為主循環中的控制器，無論您最喜歡什么-但想法是，它只是更新Enemy對象的self.direction值。
def enemy_rammer(self):
"""Compares its x and y coordinates against the target and moves toward it.
If the ship is respawning, the target is its own x and y of origin.
If the ship is NOT respawning, the ship is of course the target."""
self.cooldown = 5 #placeholder, keeps it from seeking AND shooting
selfX, selfY = self.rect.center
seekX, seekY = self.xy if ship.respawn else ship.rect.center ##makes it 'go home' if the ship is respawning
newDirection = '' #safe to assign to self.direction - it won't move
absX = abs(selfX - seekX)
absY = abs(selfY - seekY)
if math.hypot(absX, absY) > self.speed:
if seekY > selfY and absY > self.speed:
newDirection += 'down'
elif seekY < selfY:
newDirection += 'up'
else:
pass
if seekX > selfX and absX > self.speed:
newDirection += 'right'
elif seekX < selfX:
newDirection += 'left'
else:
pass
self.direction = newDirection
這類代碼很多，有些數學可能是多余的（深夜編碼會做到這一點，呵呵），但基本上可以檢查出“目標”（x，y）距離比其速度要快得多，並且如果是，則將self.direction設置為哪個字符串。
我的意思是很顯然，確定self.direction是字符串，它可以是您想要的任何系統-但我認為將方向與運動分開是很有幫助的。 如果沒有別的，可以通過確保obj.move()具有一致的實現來設法避免代碼中的某些重復。 而且它還避免了我在人們的代碼中經常看到的丑陋的obj.speed *= -1 ，它指示事物正在朝着另一個方向發展。 也許我很奇怪，但我認為這不是改變的正確價值； 當我下班開車回家時，我不會開車-35 MPH ...
無法讓玩家在pygame中移動
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