在 R 中的日期范圍內合並兩個數據框

Question

在 RI 中，想要合並一個日期范圍內的兩個數據幀，從第二個數據幀中獲取所有行，這些行落在第一個數據幀的兩列日期上和之間。 我找不到可以做到這一點的嚴格的 R 函數或合並函數的版本，但我知道 sql 中有一個“介於”函數，我正在考慮嘗試 sqldf 包（盡管我不精通 sql ）。 如果有更R-ish的方式來做到這一點，那將是可取的。 預先感謝您的幫助！

df1 <- structure(list(ID = 1:2, PtID = structure(c(1L, 1L), .Label = c("T031", "T040", "T045", "T064", "T074", "T081", "T092", "T094", "T096", "T105", "T107", "T108", "T115", "T118", "T120", "T124", "T125", "T128", "T130", "T132", "T138", "T140", "T142", "T142_R1", "T146", "T158", "T159", "T160", "T164", "T166", "T169", "T171", "T173", "T197", "T208", "T214", "T221"), class = "factor"), StartDateTime = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0), min = c(11L, 35L), hour = c(17L, 17L), mday = c(23L, 23L), mon = c(9L, 9L), year = c(112L, 112L), wday = c(2L, 2L), yday = c(296L, 296L), isdst = c(1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", "min", "hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt")), EndDateTime = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0), min = c(16L, 37L), hour = c(17L, 17L), mday = c(23L, 23L), mon = c(9L, 9L), year = c(112L, 112L), wday = c(2L, 2L), yday = c(296L, 296L), isdst = c(1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", "min", "hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt"))), .Names = c("ID", "PtID", "StartDateTime", "EndDateTime"), row.names = 1:2, class = "data.frame")

df1

  ID PtID       StartDateTime         EndDateTime
1  1 T031 2012-10-23 17:11:00 2012-10-23 17:16:00
2  2 T031 2012-10-23 17:35:00 2012-10-23 17:37:00

第二個數據幀有幾個 ID（與第一個數據幀匹配）和分鍾級別的時間戳。

df2

df2 <- structure(list(ID = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), dateTime = structure(list(sec = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), min = 2:44, hour = c(17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L, 17L), mday = c(23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L, 23L), mon = c(9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L), year = c(112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L, 112L), wday = c(2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L), yday = c(296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L, 296L), isdst = c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L)), .Names = c("sec", "min", "hour", "mday", "mon", "year", "wday", "yday", "isdst"), class = c("POSIXlt", "POSIXt")), lat = c(33.06621406, 33.06616621, 33.06617305, 33.06617624, 33.06617932, 33.06618161, 33.06618326, 33.06618604, 33.06615089, 33.06628004, 33.06618461, 33.06615113, 33.0661362, 33.06620301, 33.0662218, 33.06624283, 33.06622268, 33.06622425, 33.06622787, 33.06623042, 33.06623318, 33.06623654, 33.06623826, 33.06623919, 33.06623907, 33.06624009, 33.06623804, 33.06624255, 33.06624377, 33.06624446, 33.06624242, 33.06624254, 33.06624513, 33.06624582, 33.06615573, 33.06625534, 33.06618541, 33.06613825, 33.06613624, 33.06614027, 33.06614551, 33.06614844, 33.06615393), lon = c(-116.6105531, -116.6105651,-116.6105613, -116.6105553, -116.610551, -116.610549, -116.6105484, -116.6105512, -116.6105712, -116.6104996, -116.6104711, -116.6104854, -116.6105596, -116.6104509, -116.610524, -116.6105535, -116.6105461, -116.6105461, -116.6105477, -116.6105498, -116.6105478, -116.6105473, -116.6105473, -116.6105488, -116.6105497, -116.6105479, -116.610545, -116.6105461, -116.6105448, -116.610543, -116.6105409, -116.6105395, -116.6105367, -116.6105337, -116.6105344, -116.6104779, -116.6104953,-116.6105222, -116.610526, -116.6105255, -116.6105282, -116.6105265,-116.6105282)), .Names = c("ID", "dateTime", "lat", "lon"), row.names = 1023:1065, class = "data.frame")

因此，所需的輸出如下所示：

ID PtID       DateTime         lat     lon
1 T031    2012-10-23 17:11:00    33.06628 -116.6105
1 T031    2012-10-23 17:12:00    33.06618 -116.6105
1 T031    2012-10-23 17:13:00    33.06615 -116.6105
1 T031    2012-10-23 17:14:00    33.06614 -116.6106
1 T031    2012-10-23 17:15:00    33.06620 -116.6105
1 T031    2012-10-23 17:16:00    33.06622 -116.6105
2 T031    2012-10-23 17:35:00    33.06625 -116.6105
2 T031    2012-10-23 17:36:00    33.06616 -116.6105
2 T031    2012-10-23 17:37:00    33.06626 -116.6105

所以用 sqldf 可能是這樣的？

sqldf("SELECT df2.ID, df2.lon, df2.lat, FROM df1
INNER JOIN df2 ON df1.ID = df2.ID
WHERE df2.DateTime BETWEEN df1.StartDateTime AND df1.EndDateTime")

Answer 1

通常，在數據幀中使用 POSIXlt 不是一個好主意。 請改用 POSIXct。 您的 SQL 語句也可以，除了需要刪除 FROM 之前的逗號：

df1a <- transform(df1, 
           StartDateTime = as.POSIXct(StartDateTime),
           EndDateTime = as.POSIXct(EndDateTime))
df2a <- transform(df2, dateTime = as.POSIXct(dateTime))

問題中的 SQL 語句在FROM之前有一個無關的逗號。

這是一個稍微簡化的聲明。 這個使用左連接來確保包含來自df1a所有 ID，即使它們在df2a沒有匹配df2a 。

sqldf("SELECT df1a.ID, PtID, dateTime, lat, lon 
  FROM df1a LEFT JOIN df2a 
  ON df1a.ID = df2a.ID AND dateTime BETWEEN StartDateTime AND EndDateTime")

Answer 2

您可能需要考慮將數據定義為zoo對象。 merge.zoo做的事情非常接近你的要求。 更多參考這個問題： R：合並兩個不規則時間序列