"將樹轉換為列表列表"

Question

我有一個樹形結構，例如：公司 -> 部門 -> 角色 ->

我有一個這樣的循環結構三元組：

for company in self.Companies():
    cName = company.Name()
    for dept in company.Departments():
        dName = department.Name()
        for role in dept.Roles():
            rName = role.Name()
            roleID = role.ID()

.Name() 函數返回一個部門名稱，如 Android-Sales。 公司可以有零個或多個部門。

到目前為止，以上就是我所擁有的。 我正在嘗試開發它，以便獲得列表列表：理想情況下，這就是我想要的。 如果有重復，列表中的下一項應將其留空。 或者它可能沒有字段，在這種情況下也將其留空。

[
['Google', 'Android-Sales', 'Marketer', 'A123'],
['','Google-Play','開發者', 'A435'],
['','','測試儀','A125'],
['','','','A126'],
['我的小公司','','超級角色','A123'] ]

或者這也可以工作......

[
['Google', 'Android-Sales', 'Marketer', 'A123'],
['Google','Google-Play','開發者','A435'],
['Google','Google-Play','Tester','A125'],
['Google','Google-Play','Tester','A126'],
['My Small Company','','Super Role','A123']（這里“我的小公司”沒有>部門。]

每個內部列表的長度應為 4。

Answer 1

嘗試這樣的事情：

tree = {"Google":{"Android":"yes", "Nexus":"no"}}
list_of_lists = []

def listbuilder(sub_tree, current_list):
    for key in sub_tree:
        if isinstance(sub_tree[key], dict):
            listbuilder(sub_tree[key], current_list + [key])
        else:
            list_of_lists.append(current_list + [key] + [sub_tree[key]])

listbuilder(tree,[])

print str(list_of_lists)

輸出：

[['Google', 'Nexus', 'no'], ['Google', 'Android', 'yes']]

Answer 2

前段時間我需要以結構化的方式將 JSON 文件插入到數據庫中。 基於@Gillespie描述的解決方案，我能夠將文件層次結構轉換為列表列表。

以下腳本需要讀取一個 JSON 文件，其項目列表最初由父鍵“值”標識。 這是data.json文件的一個簡單示例。

JSON文件

{
    "value":
    [
        {
            "A": 0,
            "B": 1,
            "C": 2
        },
        {
            "C": {
                "E": 3,
                "F": 4
            },
            "D": [
                {
                    "G": 5
                },
                {
                    "H": 6
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

以下腳本讀取 JSON 文件並將其轉換為要插入數據庫的元組列表。 請記住在數據庫中創建表和列之前刪除特殊字符。

Python 腳本

import json


def dict_to_list(sub_tree: dict, current_list: [str], items_list: [[str]]) -> [[str]]:   
    try:  # Tree branches.
        for key in sub_tree:
            if isinstance(sub_tree[key], list):
                for sub_item in sub_tree[key]:
                    dict_to_list(sub_tree=sub_item, current_list=current_list + [key], items_list=items_list)
            elif isinstance(sub_tree[key], dict):
                dict_to_list(sub_tree=sub_tree[key], current_list=current_list + [key], items_list=items_list)
            else:
                items_list.append(current_list + [key] + [sub_tree[key]])
    except:  # Tree leaf.
        items_list.append(current_list + [str(sub_tree)])
            
    return items_list
  
  
def json_data_to_samples_list(json_data: dict, data_key: str = 'value', column_sep: str = "_") -> [[(str, str)]]:
    samples_list = []
    
    for parent in json_data[data_key]:
        column_value_tuples = []
        
        for child in dict_to_list(sub_tree=parent, current_list=[], items_list=[]):
            column = column_sep.join(child[:-1])
            value = child[-1]
            column_value_tuples.append((column, value))

        samples_list.append(column_value_tuples)
  
    return samples_list



def main() -> None:
    json_file_path = "data.json"

    with open(json_file_path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
        json_data = json.load(file)

    samples_list = json_data_to_samples_list(json_data=json_data)

    print(f"\nExtracted {len(samples_list)} items from the JSON file:")

    for idx, parent in enumerate(samples_list):
        print(f"\n>>>>> Child #{idx}:")

        for child in parent:
            print(f"\t\t{child}")

    print()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

預期產出

Extracted 2 items from the JSON file:

>>>>> Child #0:
                ('A', 0)
                ('B', 1)
                ('C', 2)

>>>>> Child #1:
                ('C_E', 3)
                ('C_F', 4)
                ('D_G', 5)
                ('D_H', 6)

Answer 3

除了我之前的回答之外，您可能還希望將 JSON 文件轉換為可以插入數據庫的元組。 在這種情況下，您可以使用以下方法：

JSON 輸入內容

{
    "value":
    [
        {
            "A": 0,
            "B": 1,
            "C": 2
        },
        {
            "C": {
                "E": 3,
                "F": 4
            },
            "D": [
                {
                    "G": 5
                },
                {
                    "H": 6
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

Python 腳本

from collections import OrderedDict
import logging
import json


logging.basicConfig(level="DEBUG")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class JSON:
    def __init__(self, data: dict) -> "JSON":
        self.data = data

    def abbreviate(self, string: str, abbreviations: dict = {}) -> str:
        for word in abbreviations:
            string = string.replace(word, abbreviations[word])
            string = string.replace(word.title(), abbreviations[word].title())

        return string

    def find_string(
        self,
        string: str,
        string_list: [str],
        index_start: int = 0
    ) -> [int]:
        indexes = [
            index
            for index, item in enumerate(
                string_list[index_start:],
                start=index_start
            )
            if len(item) and item == string
        ]

        return indexes

    def disambiguate_columns(
        self,
        columns: [str],
        is_case_sentitive: bool = False
    ) -> [str]:
        if not is_case_sentitive:
            columns_ref = [c.lower() for c in columns]
        else:
            columns_ref = [c for c in columns]

        for i, c in enumerate(columns_ref):
            indexes = self.find_string(
                c,
                string_list=columns_ref,
                index_start=i+1
            )

            for n, j in enumerate(indexes, start=1):
                columns[j] = f"{columns[j]}_{n}"
                columns_ref[j] = ""

        return columns

    def dict_to_list(
        self,
        sub_tree: dict,
        current_list: [str],
        items_list: [[str]]
    ) -> [[str]]:
        try:  # Tree branches.
            for key in sub_tree:
                if isinstance(sub_tree[key], list):
                    for sub_item in sub_tree[key]:
                        self.dict_to_list(
                            sub_tree=sub_item,
                            current_list=current_list + [key],
                            items_list=items_list
                        )
                elif isinstance(sub_tree[key], dict):
                    self.dict_to_list(
                        sub_tree=sub_tree[key],
                        current_list=current_list + [key],
                        items_list=items_list
                    )
                else:
                    items_list.append(current_list + [key] + [sub_tree[key]])
        except:  # Tree leaf.
            items_list.append(current_list + [str(sub_tree)])

        return items_list

    def extract_entries(
        self,
        data_key: str = None,
        column_sep: str = "_"
    ) -> [[(str, str)]]:
        entries = []

        if data_key is not None:
            data_iterator = (_ for _ in self.data[data_key])
        else:
            data_iterator = (_ for _ in self.data)

        for parent in data_iterator:
            column_value_tuples = []

            for child in self.dict_to_list(
                sub_tree=parent,
                current_list=[],
                items_list=[]):
                column_parts = child[:-1]
                column = column_sep.join(column_parts)
                value = child[-1]
                column_value_tuples.append((column, value))

            entries.append(column_value_tuples)

        return entries

    def get_nth_element(
        self,
        items: [(str, str)],
        element: str,
        nth: int = 1
    ) -> ((str, str), bool):
        assert nth >= 1
        occurrences = [i for i in items if i[0] == element]
        n_occurrences = len(occurrences)

        if n_occurrences:
            index_out_of_bounds = True if nth > n_occurrences else False
            nth_element = occurrences[min(nth, n_occurrences)-1]
        else:
            nth_element = None
            index_out_of_bounds = True

        return (nth_element, index_out_of_bounds)

    def to_tuples(
        self,
        data_key: str = None,
        is_case_sentitive: bool = False,
        abbreviate_columns: bool = True
    ) -> ([str], [tuple]):
        logger.debug(f"Extracting values tuples from JSON data...")
        entries = self.extract_entries(data_key=data_key)
        original_columns = list(
            OrderedDict.fromkeys(
                [
                    column_value_tuple[0]
                    for samples in entries
                    for column_value_tuple in samples
                ]
            )
        )

        n_entries = len(entries)
        n_columns = len(original_columns)
        values = []

        for tuples, index in zip(entries, range(1, n_entries+1)):
            logger.debug(
                f"Processing values from entry {index}/{n_entries} " \
                f"({((index/n_entries)*100):.2f}%)..."
            )

            for i in range(1, len(tuples)+1):
                row = []
                index_out_of_bounds_count = 0

                for c in original_columns:
                    column_value_tuple, index_out_of_bounds = \
                        self.get_nth_element(items=tuples, element=c, nth=i)

                    if column_value_tuple:
                        row.append(column_value_tuple[1])
                    else:
                        row.append(None)

                    if index_out_of_bounds:
                        index_out_of_bounds_count += 1

                if index_out_of_bounds_count == n_columns:
                    break

                if row.count(None) != n_columns:
                    values.append(row)

        columns = original_columns

        if abbreviate_columns:
            logger.debug(f"Abbreviating column names...")
            columns_abbreviation = []

            for c in columns:
                abbreviation = self.abbreviate(c)
                columns_abbreviation.append(abbreviation)
                logger.debug(f"[{c}] --> [{abbreviation}]")

            columns = columns_abbreviation

        logger.debug(f"Disambiguating column names...")
        columns = self.disambiguate_columns(
            columns,
            is_case_sentitive=is_case_sentitive
        )

        return (columns, values)


def main() -> None:
    json_file_path = "data.json"

    with open(json_file_path, mode="r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
        json_data = json.load(file)

    columns, values = JSON(json_data).to_tuples(data_key='value')

    print(f"\nExtracted {len(values)} items from the JSON file:")

    for idx, parent in enumerate(values):
        print(f"\n>>>>> Child #{idx}:")

        for col, child in zip(columns, parent):
            print(f"\t{col}: {child}")

    print()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

預期產出

    DEBUG:__main__:Extracting values tuples from JSON data...
    DEBUG:__main__:Processing values from entry 1/2 (50.00%)...
    DEBUG:__main__:Processing values from entry 2/2 (100.00%)...
    DEBUG:__main__:Abbreviating column names...
    DEBUG:__main__:[A] --> [A]
    DEBUG:__main__:[B] --> [B]
    DEBUG:__main__:[C] --> [C]
    DEBUG:__main__:[C_E] --> [C_E]
    DEBUG:__main__:[C_F] --> [C_F]
    DEBUG:__main__:[D_G] --> [D_G]
    DEBUG:__main__:[D_H] --> [D_H]
    DEBUG:__main__:Disambiguating column names...

    Extracted 2 items from the JSON file:

    >>>>> Child #0:
            A: 0
            B: 1
            C: 2
            C_E: None
            C_F: None
            D_G: None
            D_H: None

    >>>>> Child #1:
            A: None
            B: None
            C: None
            C_E: 3
            C_F: 4
            D_G: 5
            D_H: 6