Spring 問題：創建 bean 時出錯並且注入自動裝配的依賴項失敗

Question

所以我正在嘗試學習 spring 並且我已經閱讀了很多教程並嘗試從我在閃存驅動器中的項目中復制一些代碼。

我已經設置了 tomcat 並且它可以正常工作，但是我在這里仍然遇到一些問題。 問題是我通常可以毫無問題地從瀏覽器訪問控制器的操作，但是當我開始添加注釋和 ContextLoaderListener 時，它一直給我 404 狀態。 我不知道我做了什么，但是通過調整周圍的一些東西，我的瀏覽器至少會嘗試再次訪問控制器。 但是拋出了一個巨大的錯誤日志，我將在本文末尾分享。

這些是我的依賴項：

聯合 4.12

spring-webmvc 4.1.6.RELEASE

彈簧上下文 4.1.6.RELEASE

彈簧網 4.1.6.RELEASE

spring-beans 4.1.6.RELEASE

彈簧數據-jpa 1.8.0.RELEASE

spring-jdbc 4.1.6.RELEASE

mysql-connector-java 5.1.35

jstl 1.2

javax.servlet-api 3.1.0（提供范圍）

javax.servlet.jsp-api 3.1.0（提供范圍）

傑克遜數據綁定 2.5.4

傑克遜核心 2.5.4

傑克遜核心 asl 1.9.13

傑克遜-數據類型-hibernate4 2.5.4

hibernate-annotations 3.5.6-Final

hibernate-commons-annotations 3.2.0.Final

休眠實體管理器 4.3.10.Final

jsondoc 核心 1.1.15

jsondoc-springmvc 1.1.15

jsondoc-ui-webjar 1.1.15

公共日志記錄 1.2

公共日志記錄 API 1.1

公地-dbcp 1.4

我的構建插件是：

maven-compiler-plugin 3.1（源和目標 1.8）

maven-war-plugin 2.4

我的 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
     version="3.0">
<display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name>

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        classpath*:WEB-INF/application-context.xml
        classpath*:WEB-INF/persistence-context.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/api/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

我的 mvc-dispatcher-servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.ve" use-default-filters="false">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>

<mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:message-converters>
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
            <property name="objectMapper">
                <bean class="com.ve.main.HibernateAwareObjectMapper" />
            </property>
        </bean>
    </mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>

<bean id="documentationController" class="org.jsondoc.springmvc.controller.JSONDocController">
    <constructor-arg name="version" value="1.0"/>
    <constructor-arg name="basePath" value="http://localhost:4848/spring2"/>
    <constructor-arg name="packages">
    <list>
    <value>com.ve</value>
    </list>
    </constructor-arg>
</bean>

我的應用程序context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.ve" use-default-filters="false">
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository" />
    <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />
</context:component-scan>

我的persistence-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_database" />
    <property name="username" value="my_actual_db_user" />
    <property name="password" value="my_actual_db_password" />
</bean>

<bean id="persistenceUnitManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.DefaultPersistenceUnitManager">
    <property name="defaultDataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="persistenceUnitManager" ref="persistenceUnitManager" />
    <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnit" />
</bean>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

<jpa:repositories base-package="com.ve" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" />

僅供參考，我還將引用我的課程代碼和我的項目結構

股票控制器

package com.ve.common.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.ve.common.service.StockService;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/stock")
public class StockController {

    @Autowired
    private StockService stockService;

    public StockController(){}

    @RequestMapping(value="/list", method = RequestMethod.GET, produces={"application/json","application/xml"})
    @ResponseBody
    public String findAllStocks(){
        return "stocks";
    }
}

股票服務

package com.ve.common.service;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.ve.common.model.Stock;
import com.ve.common.repo.StockRepository;

@Service
public class StockService {

    @Autowired
    private StockRepository stockRepository;

    StockService(){}

    List<Stock> findStock(){
        return (List<Stock>) stockRepository.findAll();
    }
}

股票庫

package com.ve.common.repo;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.ve.common.model.Stock;

@Repository
public interface StockRepository extends CrudRepository<Stock, Integer> {

    List<Stock> findByStockName(String stockName);

    Stock findByStockId(Integer stockId);
}

我的模型是一個基本的實體類，它實現了 Serializable（由 JPA 工具創建）。 現在這是我的項目結構，很抱歉我不能把圖像變小（我現在很忙）。

這是我訪問“ http://localhost:4848/spring2/api/welcome/hi ”或“ http://localhost:4848/spring2/api/stock/時在瀏覽器中遇到的巨大錯誤的引用列表”

HTTP 狀態 500 - servlet mvc-dispatcher 的 Servlet.init() 拋出異常

輸入異常報告

servlet mvc-dispatcher 的消息 Servlet.init() 拋出異常

說明服務器遇到內部錯誤，無法完成此請求。

例外

javax.servlet.ServletException：servlet mvc-dispatcher 的 Servlet.init() 拋出異常 org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472) org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve. java:99) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:936) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407) org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.進程(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1004) org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:589) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JioEndpoint.java:310) java. util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

根本原因

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException：創建名為“stockController”的 bean 時出錯：自動裝配依賴項的注入失敗； 嵌套異常是 org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException：無法自動裝配字段：private com.ve.common.service.StockService com.ve.common.controller.StockController.stockService; 嵌套異常是 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException：未找到類型為 [com.ve.common.service.StockService] 的合格 bean 依賴項：預期至少有 1 個 bean 有資格作為此依賴項的自動裝配候選者。依賴注解：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:334) org.springframework.beans.beans. support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1210) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)第476話.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299) org.springframe work.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755) org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitial AbstractApplicationContext.java:757) org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663) org.springframework.web.servlet。 FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:629) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:677) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:548) org.springframework. web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:489) org.springframework.web.s ervlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136) javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160) org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472) org.apache.catalina. Valve.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:99) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:936) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407) org. apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1004) org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:589) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run JioEndpoint.java:310) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.爪哇：745）

根本原因

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException：無法自動裝配字段：private com.ve.common.service.StockService com.ve.common.controller.StockController.stockService; 嵌套異常是 org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException：未找到類型為 [com.ve.common.service.StockService] 的合格 bean 依賴項：預期至少有 1 個 bean 有資格作為此依賴項的自動裝配候選者。依賴注解：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:561) org.springframework.beans. factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:331) org.springframework.beans.factory.supportableCapwireBeansFactoryAutowireCapwireBeansFactory(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:331) java:1210) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.org.spring.framework.java:476) factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFac tory.java:303) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:299) org.springframework beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755) org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryApplicationInitialization(AbstractBeanFactory. java:757) org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet. createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:629) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicatio nContext(FrameworkServlet.java:677) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:548) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:489) org.springframework.web。 servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136) javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160) org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472) org.apache.catalina。 Valve.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:99) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:936) org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407) org. apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1004) org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:589) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run JioEndpoint.java:310) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker (ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

根本原因

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException：找不到類型為 [com.ve.common.service.StockService] 的合格 bean 依賴項：預計至少有 1 個 bean 有資格作為此依賴項的自動裝配候選者。依賴注解：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1301) org.springframework.beans.factory. support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1047) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:942) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredProcessAnnotation.AutowiredProcessAnnotation. java:533) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:88) org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.org.springsframework) factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAu towireCapableBeanFactory.java:1210) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java) beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:303) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230) org.springBeanframework.beans.factory.support.GetAbstractBeanFactory.do (AbstractBeanFactory.java:299) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194) org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:755) org.springframework .context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757) org。 springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:663) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:第629話FrameworkServlet.java:489) org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136) javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:160) org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke( AuthenticatorBase.java:472) org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:99) org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:936) o rg.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407) org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1004) org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionProtocol.tocol.AbstractConnectionPro.process java:589) org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:310) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$ Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

對於過多的代碼阻塞和引用，我深表歉意，但我認為我提供的信息越多，我能得到的幫助就越好。 我預先感謝任何可以幫助我的人。

Answer 1

org.springframework.beans.factory。 NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ：沒有類型為 [com.ve.common.service. 股票服務]

錯誤本身表明SpringContainer 沒有找到名為StockService的 bean 。 因此，要么在applicationContext.xml文件中創建 bean，要么使用@Bean annotation 聲明 bean 。

@Autowired ：此注釋允許您不在applicationContext.xml顯式聲明您的 bean。 但是您必須使用@Bean批注創建要自動裝配的類的 bean，並在XML添加<context:conponent-scan> @Bean <context:conponent-scan>以了解正在使用@Bean批注創建 bean。

聲明 Bean :聲明 bean 使用@Bean注釋來注釋方法，就像

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public StockService stockService() {
        return new StockServiceImpl();
    }
}

這相當於在applicationContext.xml聲明 bean

<beans>
    <bean name="stockService" class="com.ve.common.service.StockServiceImpl"/>
</beans>

或者

如果要在 bean 類中使用@Autowired注釋，則必須首先使用以下配置在 spring 中啟用注釋：

<context:annotation-config />

或者

<bean class ="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>

更多信息：

Spring bean 自動裝配
@Bean - 聲明一個 bean

希望這對你有幫助。

Answer 2

問題在於您的 web.xml。 請將 contextconfiglocation 更改為以下內容

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
       WEB-INF/application-context.xml
       WEB-INF/persistence-context.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

您使用了classpath*:WEB-INF/application-context.xml .WEB-INF/ 路徑不在類路徑中（只有 WEB-INF/classes 是）上下文加載器無法找到 2 個上下文文件。

Spring 問題：創建 bean 時出錯並且注入自動裝配的依賴項失敗

問題描述

2 個解決方案

解決方案1
7 2015-06-23 06:36:45

解決方案2
2 2015-06-24 06:06:13

Spring 問題：創建 bean 時出錯並且注入自動裝配的依賴項失敗

問題描述

2 個解決方案

解決方案1 7 2015-06-23 06:36:45

解決方案2 2 2015-06-24 06:06:13

解決方案1
7 2015-06-23 06:36:45

解決方案2
2 2015-06-24 06:06:13