如何解決NuGet.exe命令行無法安裝xunit 2.1.0的問題？

Question

在Visual Studio 2013中使用更新5和NuGet Package Manager 2.8.60610.756創建全新項目可以完美安裝xunit 2.1.0

------- Installing...xunit 2.1.0 -------
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.core (= 2.1.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.extensibility.core (= 2.1.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.abstractions (= 2.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.extensibility.execution (= 2.1.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.assert (= 2.1.0)'.
Installing 'xunit.abstractions 2.0.0'.
Added file 'xunit.abstractions.dll' to folder 'xunit.abstractions.2.0.0\lib\net35'.
Added file 'xunit.abstractions.xml' to folder 'xunit.abstractions.2.0.0\lib\net35'.
Added file 'xunit.abstractions.dll' to folder 'xunit.abstractions.2.0.0\lib\portable-net45+win+wpa81+wp80+monotouch+monoandroid+Xamarin.iOS'.
Added file 'xunit.abstractions.xml' to folder 'xunit.abstractions.2.0.0\lib\portable-net45+win+wpa81+wp80+monotouch+monoandroid+Xamarin.iOS'.
Added file 'xunit.abstractions.2.0.0.nupkg' to folder 'xunit.abstractions.2.0.0'.
Successfully installed 'xunit.abstractions 2.0.0'.
Installing 'xunit.extensibility.core 2.1.0'.
Added file 'xunit.core.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.core.dll.tdnet' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.core.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.core.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.runner.tdnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.runner.utility.desktop.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.core.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.core.dll.tdnet' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.core.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.core.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.runner.tdnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.runner.utility.desktop.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0.nupkg' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.core.2.1.0'.
Successfully installed 'xunit.extensibility.core 2.1.0'.
Installing 'xunit.extensibility.execution 2.1.0'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\dnx451'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\dnx451'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\dnx451'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\monoandroid'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\monoandroid'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\monoandroid'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\monotouch'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\monotouch'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\monotouch'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.desktop.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\net45'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.desktop.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\net45'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.desktop.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\net45'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\win8'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\win8'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\win8'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\wp8'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\wp8'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\wp8'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.dll' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\xamarinios'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.pdb' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\xamarinios'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.dotnet.xml' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0\lib\xamarinios'.
Added file 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0.nupkg' to folder 'xunit.extensibility.execution.2.1.0'.
Successfully installed 'xunit.extensibility.execution 2.1.0'.
Installing 'xunit.core 2.1.0'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\dnx451'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\monoandroid'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\monotouch'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\net45'.
Added file 'xunit.core.props' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\win8'.
Added file 'xunit.core.props' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\win81'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\wp8'.
Added file 'xunit.core.props' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\wpa81'.
Added file '_._' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\xamarinios'.
Added file 'xunit.execution.desktop.dll' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0\build\_desktop'.
Added file 'xunit.core.2.1.0.nupkg' to folder 'xunit.core.2.1.0'.
Successfully installed 'xunit.core 2.1.0'.
Installing 'xunit.assert 2.1.0'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.dll' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.pdb' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.xml' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0\lib\dotnet'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.dll' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.pdb' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.xml' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0\lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'.
Added file 'xunit.assert.2.1.0.nupkg' to folder 'xunit.assert.2.1.0'.
Successfully installed 'xunit.assert 2.1.0'.
Installing 'xunit 2.1.0'.
Added file 'xunit.2.1.0.nupkg' to folder 'xunit.2.1.0'.
Successfully installed 'xunit 2.1.0'.
Adding 'xunit.abstractions 2.0.0' to ClassLibrary1.
For adding package 'xunit.abstractions 2.0.0' to project 'ClassLibrary1' that targets 'net45',
>> Assembly references are being added from 'lib\net35'
Added reference 'xunit.abstractions' to project 'ClassLibrary1'
Added file 'packages.config'.
Added file 'packages.config' to project 'ClassLibrary1'
Successfully added 'xunit.abstractions 2.0.0' to ClassLibrary1.
Adding 'xunit.extensibility.core 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
For adding package 'xunit.extensibility.core 2.1.0' to project 'ClassLibrary1' that targets 'net45',
>> Assembly references are being added from 'lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'
Added reference 'xunit.core' to project 'ClassLibrary1'
Added file 'packages.config'.
Successfully added 'xunit.extensibility.core 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
Adding 'xunit.extensibility.execution 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
For adding package 'xunit.extensibility.execution 2.1.0' to project 'ClassLibrary1' that targets 'net45',
>> Assembly references are being added from 'lib\net45'
Added reference 'xunit.execution.desktop' to project 'ClassLibrary1'
Added file 'packages.config'.
Successfully added 'xunit.extensibility.execution 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
Adding 'xunit.core 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
For adding package 'xunit.core 2.1.0' to project 'ClassLibrary1' that targets 'net45',
>> Build files are being added from 'build\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'
Added file 'packages.config'.
Successfully added 'xunit.core 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
Adding 'xunit.assert 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
For adding package 'xunit.assert 2.1.0' to project 'ClassLibrary1' that targets 'net45',
>> Assembly references are being added from 'lib\portable-net45+win8+wp8+wpa81'
Added reference 'xunit.assert' to project 'ClassLibrary1'
Added file 'packages.config'.
Successfully added 'xunit.assert 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
Adding 'xunit 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
Added file 'packages.config'.
Successfully added 'xunit 2.1.0' to ClassLibrary1.
==============================

使用最新的NuGet命令行exe（2.8.60717.93）執行相同的安裝步驟失敗，說明它需要NuGet 3.0 ...

C:\development\tools\nuget> nuget update -self
Checking for updates from https://www.nuget.org/api/v2/.
Currently running NuGet.exe 2.8.6.
NuGet.exe is up to date.
C:\development\tools\nuget> nuget
NuGet Version: 2.8.60717.93
usage: NuGet <command> [args] [options]
Type 'NuGet help <command>' for help on a specific command.

Available commands:

 config      Gets or sets NuGet config values.

 delete      Deletes a package from the server.

 help (?)    Displays general help information and help information about other commands
             .

 install     Installs a package using the specified sources. If no sources are specified
             , all sources defined in the NuGet configuration file are used. If the conf
             iguration file specifies no sources, uses the default NuGet feed.

 list        Displays a list of packages from a given source. If no sources are specifie
             d, all sources defined in %AppData%\NuGet\NuGet.config are used. If NuGet.c
             onfig specifies no sources, uses the default NuGet feed.

 pack        Creates a NuGet package based on the specified nuspec or project file.

 push        Pushes a package to the server and publishes it.
             NuGet's default configuration is obtained by loading %AppData%\NuGet\NuGet.
             config, then loading any nuget.config or .nuget\nuget.config starting from
             root of drive and ending in current directory.

 restore     Restores NuGet packages.

 setApiKey   Saves an API key for a given server URL. When no URL is provided API key is
             saved for the NuGet gallery.

 sources     Provides the ability to manage list of sources located in %AppData%\NuGet\N
             uGet.config

 spec        Generates a nuspec for a new package. If this command is run in the same fo
             lder as a project file (.csproj, .vbproj, .fsproj), it will create a tokeni
             zed nuspec file.

 update      Update packages to latest available versions. This command also updates NuG
             et.exe itself.

For more information, visit http://docs.nuget.org/docs/reference/command-line-reference
C:\development\tools\nuget> nuget install xunit -version 2.1.0
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.core (= 2.1.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.extensibility.core (= 2.1.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.abstractions (= 2.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'xunit.extensibility.execution (= 2.1.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Collections (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Runtime (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Diagnostics.Debug (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Globalization (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.IO (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Text.Encoding (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Threading.Tasks (= 4.0.0)'.
Attempting to resolve dependency 'System.Linq (= 4.0.0)'.
The 'System.Linq 4.0.0' package requires NuGet client version '3.0' or above, but the current NuGet version is '2.8.60717.93'.
C:\development\tools\nuget>

Visual Studio完全沒有提到系統庫，利用VS2013的“啟用NuGet軟件包還原”還可以還原Packge及其依賴項，並且運行的是相同版本的NuGet.exe命令行

Answer 1

簡短的答案是，您無法使用nuget install xunit -version 2.1.0從命令行中阻止NuGet.exe版本2無法從命令行下載nuget install xunit -version 2.1.0 。

當您在Visual Studio中執行相同的操作時，下載的依賴項僅限於項目目標框架支持的依賴項。

當您使用nuget install xunit -version 2.1.0 ，沒有項目，因此沒有目標框架，因此所有依賴項都被認為是兼容的，因此將全部下載。 對於xunit 2.1.0，其依賴項之一是System.Linq 4.0.0，它需要NuGet 3.0。

您的解決方法是：

1. 請改用packages.config文件。 packages.config文件中將存儲有目標框架信息。
2. 使用NuGet.exe版本3。