Python-將文本文件讀入字典

Question

我有很多要從文本文件中提取的術語列表，並將它們分為以下組之一：動物，藝術，建築物，車輛，人，人，食品，玻璃，瓶，標牌，標語，DJ ， 派對。 我目前在tester2文件中有四個詞：

盤比薩擔心攪拌機

這是我的代碼：

keyword_dictionary = {
    'Animal' : ['animal', 'dog', 'cat'],
    'Art' : ['art', 'sculpture', 'fearns'],
    'Buildings' : ['building', 'architecture', 'gothic', 'skyscraper'],
    'Vehicle' : ['car','formula','f-1','f1','f 1','f one','f-one','moped','mo ped','mo-ped','scooter'],
    'Person' : ['person','dress','shirt','woman','man','attractive','adult','smiling','sleeveless','halter','spectacles','button','bodycon'],
    'People' : ['people','women','men','attractive','adults','smiling','group','two','three','four','five','six','seven','eight','nine','ten','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10'],
    'Food' : ['food','plate','chicken','steak','pizza','pasta','meal','asian','beef','cake','candy','food pyramid','spaghetti','curry','lamb','sushi','meatballs','biscuit','apples','meat','mushroom','jelly', 'sorbet','nacho','burrito','taco','cheese'],
    'Glass' : ['glass','drink','container','glasses','cup'],
    'Bottle' : ['bottle','drink'],
    'Signage' : ['sign','martini','ad','advert','card','bottles','logo','mat','chalkboard','blackboard'],
    'Slogan' : ['Luck is overrated'],
    'DJ' : ['dj','disc','jockey','mixer','instrument','turntable'],
    'Party' : ['party']
 }

y = 0
while (y < 1):
    try:
        def search(keywords, searchFor):
            for item in keywords:
                for terms in keywords[item]:
                    if searchFor in terms:
                        print item



        with open("C:/Users/USERNAME/Desktop/tester2.txt") as termsdesk:
                for line in termsdesk:
                    this = search (keyword_dictionary, line)
                    this2 = str(this)
                    #print this2
                    #print item
    except KeyError:
        break
    y = y+1

我的結果應如下所示：

Food
Food
Art
DJ

但是我得到了這個：

DJ

我想這是因為我的循環有問題。 有人知道我需要更改嗎？ 我已經嘗試過移動“ while（y <1）”，但是卻無法獲得想要的結果。

Answer 1

從搜索詞中刪除前導/尾隨空格。 預期的工作如下：

def search(keywords, searchFor):
    for key, words in keywords.iteritems():
        if searchFor in words:
           print key

with open("tester2.txt") as termsdesk:
    for line in termsdesk:
        this = search(keyword_dictionary, line.strip())
        this2 = str(this)



$ cat tester2.txt 
plate
pizza
fearns
mixer

$ python test4.py 
Food
Food
Art
DJ

另外，如果您希望搜索項的數量相對於字典的大小而言較大，則可以考慮提高性能：您可以建立從任何單詞到其類別的反向映射 。 例如轉換：

keyword_dict = {'DJ': ['mixer', 'speakers']}

成

category_dict = {
 'mixer': 'DJ',
 'speakers':'DJ'
}

可以在開始時構建一次反向映射，然后將其用於每個查詢，這樣您的搜索功能就變成了category_dict[term] 。 這樣，查找將更快，攤銷O（1）復雜度並且更容易編寫。

Answer 2

以下方法更有意義：

keyword_dictionary = {
    'Animal' : ['animal', 'dog', 'cat'],
    'Art' : ['art', 'sculpture', 'fearns'],
    'Buildings' : ['building', 'architecture', 'gothic', 'skyscraper'],
    'Vehicle' : ['car','formula','f-1','f1','f 1','f one','f-one','moped','mo ped','mo-ped','scooter'],
    'Person' : ['person','dress','shirt','woman','man','attractive','adult','smiling','sleeveless','halter','spectacles','button','bodycon'],
    'People' : ['people','women','men','attractive','adults','smiling','group','two','three','four','five','six','seven','eight','nine','ten','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10'],
    'Food' : ['food','plate','chicken','steak','pizza','pasta','meal','asian','beef','cake','candy','food pyramid','spaghetti','curry','lamb','sushi','meatballs','biscuit','apples','meat','mushroom','jelly', 'sorbet','nacho','burrito','taco','cheese'],
    'Glass' : ['glass','drink','container','glasses','cup'],
    'Bottle' : ['bottle','drink'],
    'Signage' : ['sign','martini','ad','advert','card','bottles','logo','mat','chalkboard','blackboard'],
    'Slogan' : ['Luck is overrated'],
    'DJ' : ['dj','disc','jockey','mixer','instrument','turntable'],
    'Party' : ['party']
}

terms = {v2 : k for k, v in keyword_dictionary.items() for v2 in v}

with open('input.txt', 'r') as f_input:
    for word in f_input:
        print terms[word.strip()]

首先，您將使用現有字典並對其進行反轉，以使其更容易查找每個單詞。

這將為您提供以下輸出：

Food
Food
Art
DJ