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如何在Go中管理Windows用戶帳戶？

[英]How do I manage Windows User Accounts in Go?

 原文  2016-02-02 12:52:17  1   1    windows/ go/ user-management/ netapi32

問題描述

我需要能夠從Go應用程序管理Windows本地用戶帳戶，並且看起來如果不使用CGo，則沒有本機綁定。

我最初的搜索讓我覺得最好使用“exec.Command”來運行“net user”命令，但在解析響應代碼時，這似乎很麻煩且不可靠。

我發現處理這類事情的函數都在netapi32.dll庫中，但是如果Go本身不支持Windows頭文件，那么調用這些函數似乎並不容易。

以https://github.com/golang/sys/tree/master/windows為例，Go團隊一直在重新定義代碼中的所有內容，然后調用DLL函數。

我很難將它包裝在一起，但是我已經有了這個我想要的低級API模板，然后將更高級別的API包裝在其上，就像核心Go運行時那樣。 

type LMSTR          ????
type DWORD          ????
type LPBYTE         ????
type LPDWORD        ????
type LPWSTR         ????
type NET_API_STATUS DWORD;

type USER_INFO_1 struct {
    usri1_name              LPWSTR
    usri1_password          LPWSTR
    usri1_password_age      DWORD
    usri1_priv              DWORD
    usri1_home_dir          LPWSTR
    usri1_comment           LPWSTR
    usri1_flags             DWORD
    usri1_script_path       LPWSTR
}

type GROUP_USERS_INFO_0 struct {
    grui0_name              LPWSTR
}

type USER_INFO_1003 struct {
    usri1003_password       LPWSTR
}

const (
    USER_PRIV_GUEST         = ????
    USER_PRIV_USER          = ????
    USER_PRIV_ADMIN         = ????

    UF_SCRIPT               = ????
    UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE       = ????
    UF_HOMEDIR_REQUIRED     = ????
    UF_PASSWD_NOTREQD       = ????
    UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE   = ????
    UF_LOCKOUT              = ????
    UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD   = ????
    UF_ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED = ????
    UF_NOT_DELEGATED        = ????
    UF_SMARTCARD_REQUIRED   = ????
    UF_USE_DES_KEY_ONLY     = ????
    UF_DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH = ????
    UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION = ????
    UF_PASSWORD_EXPIRED     = ????
    UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION = ????

    UF_NORMAL_ACCOUNT       = ????
    UF_TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT = ????
    UF_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT = ????
    UF_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT = ????
    UF_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT = ????

    NERR_Success            = ????
    NERR_InvalidComputer    = ????
    NERR_NotPrimary         = ????
    NERR_GroupExists        = ????
    NERR_UserExists         = ????
    NERR_PasswordTooShort   = ????
    NERR_UserNotFound       = ????
    NERR_BufTooSmall        = ????
    NERR_InternalError      = ????
    NERR_GroupNotFound      = ????
    NERR_BadPassword        = ????
    NERR_SpeGroupOp         = ????
    NERR_LastAdmin          = ????

    ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED     = ????
    ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD  = ????
    ERROR_INVALID_LEVEL     = ????
    ERROR_MORE_DATA         = ????
    ERROR_BAD_NETPATH       = ????
    ERROR_INVALID_NAME      = ????
    ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = ????
    ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER = ????

    FILTER_TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT = ????
    FILTER_NORMAL_ACCOUNT   = ????
    FILTER_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT = ????
    FILTER_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT = ????
    FILTER_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT = ????
)

func NetApiBufferFree(Buffer LPVOID) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserAdd(servername LMSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, parm_err LPDWORD) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserChangePassword(domainname LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, oldpassword LPCWSTR, newpassword LPCWSTR) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserDel(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserEnum(servername LPCWSTR, level DWORD, filter DWORD, bufptr *LPBYTE, prefmaxlen DWORD, entriesread LPDWORD, totalentries LPDWORD, resume_handle LPDWORD) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserGetGroups(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, bufptr *LPBYTE, prefmaxlen DWORD, entriesread LPDWORD, totalentries LPDWORD) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserSetGroups(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, num_entries DWORD) (NET_API_STATUS);

func NetUserSetInfo(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, parm_err LPDWORD) (NET_API_STATUS);

將這些包裝在一起的最佳方法是什么？

1 個解決方案

解決方案1
 5 已采納  2016-02-28 04:07:06

使用Windows DLL（在我看來）是直接使用Win32 API的最佳方式。

如果查看Go安裝的src/syscall目錄，可以找到名為mksyscall_windows.go的文件。 這似乎是Go團隊管理所有DLL包裝器的方式。

使用go generate生成代碼

看一下syscall_windows.go如何使用它。 具體來說，它有以下go generate命令：

// go：generate go run mksyscall_windows.go -output zsyscall_windows.go syscall_windows.go security_windows.go

定義Win32 API類型

然后他們定義他們的類型。 您需要手動執行此操作。

有時候這是一個挑戰，因為保持結構域的大小和對齊至關重要。 我使用Visual Studio Community Edition來瀏覽過多的Microsoft定義的基本類型，以確定它們的Go等價物。

Windows使用UTF16作為字符串。 所以你將把它們表示為*uint16 。 使用syscall.UTF16PtrFromString從Go字符串生成一個。

注釋要導出的Win32 API函數

mksyscall_windows.go是生成所有樣板代碼，以便最終得到一個Go函數，為您調用DLL。

這是通過添加注釋（Go comments）來完成的。

例如，在syscall_windows.go您有以下注釋： 

//sys   GetLastError() (lasterr error)
//...
//sys   CreateHardLink(filename *uint16, existingfilename *uint16, reserved uintptr) (err error) [failretval&0xff==0] = CreateHardLinkW

mksyscall_windows.go有文檔評論，可以幫助您弄清楚這是如何工作的。 您還可以在zsyscall_windows.go中查看go生成的代碼。

運行go generate

它很簡單，只需運行： 

go generate

例：

在您的示例中，創建一個名為win32_windows.go的文件： 

package win32

//go generate go run mksyscall_windows.go -output zwin32_windows.go win32_windows.go

type (
    LPVOID         uintptr
    LMSTR          *uint16
    DWORD          uint32
    LPBYTE         *byte
    LPDWORD        *uint32
    LPWSTR         *uint16
    NET_API_STATUS DWORD

    USER_INFO_1 struct {
        Usri1_name         LPWSTR
        Usri1_password     LPWSTR
        Usri1_password_age DWORD
        Usri1_priv         DWORD
        Usri1_home_dir     LPWSTR
        Usri1_comment      LPWSTR
        Usri1_flags        DWORD
        Usri1_script_path  LPWSTR
    }

    GROUP_USERS_INFO_0 struct {
        Grui0_name LPWSTR
    }

    USER_INFO_1003 struct {
        Usri1003_password LPWSTR
    }
)

const (
    // from LMaccess.h

    USER_PRIV_GUEST = 0
    USER_PRIV_USER  = 1
    USER_PRIV_ADMIN = 2

    UF_SCRIPT                          = 0x0001
    UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE                  = 0x0002
    UF_HOMEDIR_REQUIRED                = 0x0008
    UF_LOCKOUT                         = 0x0010
    UF_PASSWD_NOTREQD                  = 0x0020
    UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE              = 0x0040
    UF_ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED = 0x0080

    UF_TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT    = 0x0100
    UF_NORMAL_ACCOUNT            = 0x0200
    UF_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x0800
    UF_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x1000
    UF_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT      = 0x2000

    UF_ACCOUNT_TYPE_MASK = UF_TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT |
        UF_NORMAL_ACCOUNT |
        UF_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT |
        UF_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT |
        UF_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT

    UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD                     = 0x10000
    UF_MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT                      = 0x20000
    UF_SMARTCARD_REQUIRED                     = 0x40000
    UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION                 = 0x80000
    UF_NOT_DELEGATED                          = 0x100000
    UF_USE_DES_KEY_ONLY                       = 0x200000
    UF_DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH                   = 0x400000
    UF_PASSWORD_EXPIRED                       = 0x800000
    UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION = 0x1000000
    UF_NO_AUTH_DATA_REQUIRED                  = 0x2000000
    UF_PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT                = 0x4000000
    UF_USE_AES_KEYS                           = 0x8000000

    UF_SETTABLE_BITS = UF_SCRIPT |
        UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE |
        UF_LOCKOUT |
        UF_HOMEDIR_REQUIRED |
        UF_PASSWD_NOTREQD |
        UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE |
        UF_ACCOUNT_TYPE_MASK |
        UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD |
        UF_MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT |
        UF_ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PASSWORD_ALLOWED |
        UF_SMARTCARD_REQUIRED |
        UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION |
        UF_NOT_DELEGATED |
        UF_USE_DES_KEY_ONLY |
        UF_DONT_REQUIRE_PREAUTH |
        UF_PASSWORD_EXPIRED |
        UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION |
        UF_NO_AUTH_DATA_REQUIRED |
        UF_USE_AES_KEYS |
        UF_PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT

    FILTER_TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT    = (0x0001)
    FILTER_NORMAL_ACCOUNT            = (0x0002)
    FILTER_INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT = (0x0008)
    FILTER_WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT = (0x0010)
    FILTER_SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT      = (0x0020)

    LG_INCLUDE_INDIRECT = (0x0001)

    // etc...
)

//sys NetApiBufferFree(Buffer LPVOID) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetApiBufferFree
//sys NetUserAdd(servername LMSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, parm_err LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserAdd
//sys NetUserChangePassword(domainname LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, oldpassword LPCWSTR, newpassword LPCWSTR) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserChangePassword
//sys NetUserDel(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserDel
//sys NetUserEnum(servername LPCWSTR, level DWORD, filter DWORD, bufptr *LPBYTE, prefmaxlen DWORD, entriesread LPDWORD, totalentries LPDWORD, resume_handle LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserEnum
//sys NetUserGetGroups(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, bufptr *LPBYTE, prefmaxlen DWORD, entriesread LPDWORD, totalentries LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserGetGroups
//sys NetUserSetGroups(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, num_entries DWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserSetGroups
//sys NetUserSetInfo(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, parm_err LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) = netapi32.NetUserSetInfo

運行后go generate （只要你將mksyscall_windows.go復制到同一目錄），你將有一個名為“zwin32_windows.go”的文件（類似這樣）： 

// MACHINE GENERATED BY 'go generate' COMMAND; DO NOT EDIT

package win32

import "unsafe"
import "syscall"

var _ unsafe.Pointer

var (
    modnetapi32 = syscall.NewLazyDLL("netapi32.dll")

    procNetApiBufferFree      = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetApiBufferFree")
    procNetUserAdd            = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserAdd")
    procNetUserChangePassword = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserChangePassword")
    procNetUserDel            = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserDel")
    procNetUserEnum           = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserEnum")
    procNetUserGetGroups      = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserGetGroups")
    procNetUserSetGroups      = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserSetGroups")
    procNetUserSetInfo        = modnetapi32.NewProc("NetUserSetInfo")
)

func NetApiBufferFree(Buffer LPVOID) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall(procNetApiBufferFree.Addr(), 1, uintptr(Buffer), 0, 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserAdd(servername LMSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, parm_err LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall6(procNetUserAdd.Addr(), 4, uintptr(servername), uintptr(level), uintptr(buf), uintptr(parm_err), 0, 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserChangePassword(domainname LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, oldpassword LPCWSTR, newpassword LPCWSTR) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall6(procNetUserChangePassword.Addr(), 4, uintptr(domainname), uintptr(username), uintptr(oldpassword), uintptr(newpassword), 0, 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserDel(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall(procNetUserDel.Addr(), 2, uintptr(servername), uintptr(username), 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserEnum(servername LPCWSTR, level DWORD, filter DWORD, bufptr *LPBYTE, prefmaxlen DWORD, entriesread LPDWORD, totalentries LPDWORD, resume_handle LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall9(procNetUserEnum.Addr(), 8, uintptr(servername), uintptr(level), uintptr(filter), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bufptr)), uintptr(prefmaxlen), uintptr(entriesread), uintptr(totalentries), uintptr(resume_handle), 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserGetGroups(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, bufptr *LPBYTE, prefmaxlen DWORD, entriesread LPDWORD, totalentries LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall9(procNetUserGetGroups.Addr(), 7, uintptr(servername), uintptr(username), uintptr(level), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(bufptr)), uintptr(prefmaxlen), uintptr(entriesread), uintptr(totalentries), 0, 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserSetGroups(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, num_entries DWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall6(procNetUserSetGroups.Addr(), 5, uintptr(servername), uintptr(username), uintptr(level), uintptr(buf), uintptr(num_entries), 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

func NetUserSetInfo(servername LPCWSTR, username LPCWSTR, level DWORD, buf LPBYTE, parm_err LPDWORD) (status NET_API_STATUS) {
    r0, _, _ := syscall.Syscall6(procNetUserSetInfo.Addr(), 5, uintptr(servername), uintptr(username), uintptr(level), uintptr(buf), uintptr(parm_err), 0)
    status = NET_API_STATUS(r0)
    return
}

顯然，大部分工作都是將Win32類型轉換為Go等價物。

隨意在syscall包中找到它們 - 它們通常已經定義了您可能感興趣的結構。

ZOMG很吵?? 1！ 2多工作！

它比手工編寫代碼更好。 並且不需要CGo！

免責聲明：我沒有測試上面的代碼來驗證它實際上做了你想要的。 使用Win32 API是它自己的樂趣。

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