使用 PostgreSQL 9.5 在 Django 1.9 中執行“python manage.py migrate”時出現錯誤“django.db.utils.OperationalError”

Question

我是編程和學習 Web 開發的新手。 我已經在 Windows 7 操作系統上為 postgresql 安裝了 -Django 1.9 -postgresql 9.5 -psycopg2（使用 whl 文件）db api。

我已經在我的 settings.py 文件中為我的項目設置了數據庫連接，如下所示。

 DATABASES = 
{ 'default': 
{ 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', 
'NAME': 'Test', 
'User': 'postgres', 
'PASSWORD': 'admin', 
'HOST': 'localhost', 
'PORT': '5432', 
} 

但是當我運行 migrate 時，我遇到了以下問題。 我想將 postgres 連接到我的 django 看到下面的錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
 File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 171, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 175, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 164, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, async=async)psycopg2.OperationalError
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
   execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
 File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 353, in         execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
   File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 345, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
   File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 399, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 89, in handle
executor = MigrationExecutor(connection, self.migration_progress_callback)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 20, in __init__
self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 49, in __init__
self.build_graph()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 176, in build_graph
self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 65, in applied_migrations
self.ensure_schema()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 52, in ensure_schema
if self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor()):
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 231, in cursor
cursor = self.make_debug_cursor(self._cursor())
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 204, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
  -packages\django\db\utils.py", line 95, in __exit__six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\utils\six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
  -packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 171, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 175, in get_new_connection
   connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 164, in connect
conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, async=async)
django.db.utils.OperationalError

我已經使用 python 腳本檢查了 psycopg2 能夠在 postgresql 中連接數據庫，但是當我從 django 項目運行遷移時，它無法正常工作並出現上述錯誤。

Answer 1

您的 postgres 服務器未啟動。 您需要先啟動服務器。 Django 不附帶 postgres 或任何數據庫服務器。 它為這些數據庫服務器提供連接器和 ORM。 安裝 postgres ，根據 Django 中的 DATABASE 設置創建用戶和數據庫，錯誤應該消失。 如果你不知道如何安裝 postgres，那么谷歌。 希望這可以幫助。

Answer 2

您需要在 DATABASES 設置中將“用戶”更改為“用戶”。