使用 PostgreSQL 9.5 在 Django 1.9 中执行“python manage.py migrate”时出现错误“django.db.utils.OperationalError”

Question

我是编程和学习 Web 开发的新手。 我已经在 Windows 7 操作系统上为 postgresql 安装了 -Django 1.9 -postgresql 9.5 -psycopg2（使用 whl 文件）db api。

我已经在我的 settings.py 文件中为我的项目设置了数据库连接，如下所示。

 DATABASES = 
{ 'default': 
{ 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql', 
'NAME': 'Test', 
'User': 'postgres', 
'PASSWORD': 'admin', 
'HOST': 'localhost', 
'PORT': '5432', 
} 

但是当我运行 migrate 时，我遇到了以下问题。 我想将 postgres 连接到我的 django 看到下面的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
 File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 171, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 175, in get_new_connection
    connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 164, in connect
    conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, async=async)psycopg2.OperationalError
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 10, in <module>
   execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
 File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 353, in         execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
   File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 345, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
   File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 399, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 89, in handle
executor = MigrationExecutor(connection, self.migration_progress_callback)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\executor.py", line 20, in __init__
self.loader = MigrationLoader(self.connection)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 49, in __init__
self.build_graph()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 176, in build_graph
self.applied_migrations = recorder.applied_migrations()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 65, in applied_migrations
self.ensure_schema()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\migrations\recorder.py", line 52, in ensure_schema
if self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor()):
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 231, in cursor
cursor = self.make_debug_cursor(self._cursor())
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 204, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
  -packages\django\db\utils.py", line 95, in __exit__six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
 -packages\django\utils\six.py", line 685, in reraise
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
  -packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 199, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\django\db\backends\base\base.py", line 171, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\postgresql\base.py", line 175, in get_new_connection
   connection = Database.connect(**conn_params)
  File "C:\Users\agarwal.s.13\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\site
-packages\psycopg2\__init__.py", line 164, in connect
conn = _connect(dsn, connection_factory=connection_factory, async=async)
django.db.utils.OperationalError

我已经使用 python 脚本检查了 psycopg2 能够在 postgresql 中连接数据库，但是当我从 django 项目运行迁移时，它无法正常工作并出现上述错误。

Answer 1

您的 postgres 服务器未启动。 您需要先启动服务器。 Django 不附带 postgres 或任何数据库服务器。 它为这些数据库服务器提供连接器和 ORM。 安装 postgres ，根据 Django 中的 DATABASE 设置创建用户和数据库，错误应该消失。 如果你不知道如何安装 postgres，那么谷歌。 希望这可以帮助。

Answer 2

您需要在 DATABASES 设置中将“用户”更改为“用户”。