在 anaconda3 中安裝 openCV - Python.h：沒有那個文件或目錄

Question

我正在嘗試為我的 anaconda3 安裝構建 opencv 3.1.0，但我的構建失敗：

[ 94%] Building CXX object modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o
/home/mikel/Soft/opencv/modules/python/src2/cv2.cpp:6:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.

我通過在兩者中使用git checkout 3.1.0將 opencv 和 opencv-contrib 克隆到版本 3.1.0，我正在嘗試在~/Soft/opencv/build ，其中我在~/Soft/opencv-contrib . 我正在使用 i7-4960X 運行 Ubuntu GNOME 15.10。

我的主要目標是讓 opencv 在我的 anaconda3 安裝中工作，所以我的 cmake 命令如下：

cmake \
 -D  CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
 -D  CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
 -D  INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
 -D  INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
 -D  OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/Soft/opencv_contrib/modules \
 -D  PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/home/mikel/anaconda3/bin/python3.5 \
 -D  PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=/home/mikel/anaconda3/include/ \
 -D  PYTHON3_LIBRARY=/home/mikel/anaconda3/lib/libpython3.5m.so \
 -D  PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH=/home/mikel/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/ \
 -D  PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/home/mikel/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include \
 -D  PYTHON_DEFAULT_AVAILABLE=/home/mikel/anaconda3/bin/python3.5 \
 -D  BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..

我的 cmake 命令的輸出在這里： http : //pastebin.com/qtd1wyMb - 據我所知一切正常。

然后我運行make -j12來安裝 opencv，在幾次警告之后它運行良好，直到 94%，在那里我得到以下輸出：

Scanning dependencies of target opencv_python3
[ 94%] Building CXX object modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o
/home/mikel/Soft/opencv/modules/python/src2/cv2.cpp:6:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/build.make:278: recipe for target 'modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o' failed
make[2]: *** [modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:18929: recipe for target 'modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
[ 94%] Building CXX object modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_stitching.dir/perf/perf_main.cpp.o
[ 94%] Built target opencv_test_optflow
[ 94%] [ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/CsvWriter.cpp.o
Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/CsvReader.cpp.o
[ 94%] [ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/ModelRegistration.cpp.o
Building CXX object modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_stitching.dir/test/ocl/test_warpers.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_stitching.dir/perf/opencl/perf_stitch.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/cpp-example-bgfg_segm
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/cpp-example-autofocus
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/CsvWriter.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/ModelRegistration.cpp.o
[ 94%] Linking CXX executable ../../bin/opencv_test_tracking
Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/Mesh.cpp.o
[ 94%] Built target example_bgfg_segm
[ 94%] [ 94%] Built target example_autofocus
Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/Model.cpp.o
[ 94%] [ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/Utils.cpp.o
Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/PnPProblem.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/Mesh.cpp.o
[ 94%] Built target opencv_test_tracking
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/Model.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/PnPProblem.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/Utils.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/RobustMatcher.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object samples/cpp/CMakeFiles/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection.dir/tutorial_code/calib3d/real_time_pose_estimation/src/RobustMatcher.cpp.o
[ 94%] Building CXX object modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_perf_stitching.dir/perf/opencl/perf_warpers.cpp.o
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/cpp-example-3calibration
[ 94%] Building CXX object modules/stitching/CMakeFiles/opencv_test_stitching.dir/test/test_main.cpp.o
[ 94%] Built target example_3calibration
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/opencv_test_stitching
[ 94%] Built target opencv_test_stitching
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration
[ 94%] Built target cpp-tutorial-pnp_registration
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection
[ 94%] Built target cpp-tutorial-pnp_detection
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/opencv_perf_stitching
[ 94%] Built target opencv_perf_stitching
Makefile:146: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2

make 的完整輸出供參考： http : //pastebin.com/1zNgsckZ

看起來我的問題是因為我使用的是 anaconda3 路徑而不是標准的 python3 路徑，它無法再找到 Python.h。 但是，當我使用系統python3安裝進行安裝時，我無法將opencv導入到需要它的anaconda中。

我安裝了 python3-dev 和 python-dev，所以 Python.h 應該在我的機器上。 我需要改變什么才能讓 openCV 找到 Python.h？

編輯：我發現 Anaconda3 的 Python.h 在 anaconda3/include/python3.5m/ 中，所以我設置PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=anaconda3/include/python3.5m/現在我得到一個不同的錯誤：

Scanning dependencies of target opencv_python3
Linking CXX executable ../../bin/opencv_test_optflow
[ 91%] Building CXX object modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o
In file included from /home/mikel/Soft/opencv/build/modules/python3/pyopencv_generated_include.h:11:0,
                 from /home/mikel/Soft/opencv/modules/python/src2/cv2.cpp:12:
/home/mikel/Soft/opencv_contrib/modules/hdf/include/opencv2/hdf/hdf5.hpp:40:18: fatal error: hdf5.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/build.make:278: recipe for target 'modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o' failed
make[2]: *** [modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/__/src2/cv2.cpp.o] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:18929: recipe for target 'modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [modules/python3/CMakeFiles/opencv_python3.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

Answer 1

我解決了這個問題。 問題是PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR設置為~/anaconda3/include而Anaconda的Python.h實際上位於~/anaconda3/include/python3.5m 。 設置PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=anaconda3/include/python3.5m/修復此問題，因為它現在看到Python.h

但是，這導致了另一個問題，其中某些.h文件如hdf5.h和H5public.h對OpenCV不再可見，因為它們位於主要的anaconda3 / include /目錄中，而不是在子文件夾中。

解決方法是將include/目錄中的所有.h文件復制到include/python3.5m目錄中（將兩者的內容復制到另一個目錄中並將其設置為路徑也可以工作）以便所有.h文件位於編譯器可見的同一文件夾中。 OpenCV現在正在構建！

Answer 2

通過在配置 cmake 之前設置CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH變量來解決

export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$(python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_inc; print(get_python_inc())")

然后將 cmake 配置為

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-D WITH_TBB=ON \
-D WITH_CUDA=ON \
-D BUILD_opencv_cudacodec=OFF \
-D ENABLE_FAST_MATH=1 \
-D CUDA_FAST_MATH=1 \
-D WITH_CUBLAS=1 \
-D WITH_V4L=ON \
-D WITH_QT=OFF \
-D WITH_OPENGL=ON \
-D WITH_GSTREAMER=ON \
-D OPENCV_GENERATE_PKGCONFIG=ON \
-D OPENCV_PC_FILE_NAME=opencv.pc \
-D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/udara/Documents/research/opencv/opencv-contrib-source/modules \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D HAVE_opencv_python3=ON \
-D OPENCV_PYTHON3_INSTALL_PATH=$(python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib())") \
-D PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH=$(python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_lib; print(get_python_lib())") \
-D PYTHON_EXECUTABLE=$(which python) \
-D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=$(python -c "from distutils.sysconfig import get_python_inc; print(get_python_inc())") \
-D PYTHON_LIBRARY=/home/udara/anaconda3/envs/jupyter/lib/libpython3.so ../opencv-source

文件夾結構

├── build
├── opencv-contrib-source
└── opencv-source