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減少二叉表達式樹的括號數量

[英]Reduce number of parentheses for a binary expression tree

我有一個函數,該函數接收二進制表達式樹,並按順序返回帶有表達式的String。 唯一的“問題”是,結果表達式的括號過多,
例如:函數返回(a +(b * c)),但可以將其簡化為a + b * c。
它由二進制運算符+,-,*,/和一元運算符_(負)定義。
我真正想知道的是,我是否可以修改現有的函數以有效地減少括號的數量,還是創建另一個對有序表達式的String進行操作的函數。
功能如下:

private static String infijo(ArbolB t){
    String s = "";
    if (t != null) {
        String info = String.valueOf(t.info);
        if ("+-*/".contains(info)) s += "(";
        if ("_".contains(info)) s += "-(";
        s += infijo(t.left) + (info.equals("_") ? "" : info) + infijo(t.right);
        if ("+-*/_".contains(String.valueOf(t.info))) s += ")";
    }
    return s;
}

其中ArbolB是由以下項定義的二叉樹:

public class ArbolB {

    ArbolB right;
    ArbolB left;
    Object info;

    public ArbolB(Object info, ArbolB right, ArbolB left){
        this.info = info;
        this.right = right;
        this.left = left;
    }
}

將整個內容寫完之后,我意識到我並沒有真正正確地回答您的問題(我的解決方案忽略了PEMDAS,只是配對了,噢!)。 因此,從中獲取您所能...我不會把它扔掉:P

我認為您可以通過任何一種方式解決此問題,但這將是我的首選方法,使用並信任您已經擁有的內容。 使用節點執行此操作可能是一種好方法,但是為什么不使用現有資源呢?

從將表達式表示為字符串的點開始(例如“(((2 * 2)+ __(3 + 3)))”),可以嘗試以下操作:

public string RemoveUnnecessaryParens(string expression)
{
    readonly string openParen = "(";
    readonly string closeParen = ")";
    // char array would also work for this
    // multiple ways to track "balance" of parens, lets use int
    int unclosedParenCount = 0;

    string toReturn = "";

    // iterate through the expression 
    for (int i = 0; i < expression.Length; i++)
    {
        string current = expression.Substring(i,1);
        if (openParen == current)
            unclosedParenCount++;
        else if (closedParen == current)
            unclosedParenCount--;
        else
            toReturn += current;

        if (unclosedParenCount < 0) throw new UnbalancedExpressionException(); // One more close than open! Uh oh!
    }

    if (0 != unclosedParenCount) throw new UnbalancedExpressionException(); // One more open than close at the end! Uh oh!
    else return toReturn;
}

說得通?

好了,考慮了一會兒之后,我自己解決了一個問題,添加了一個優先級函數來確定何時需要使用括號,並添加了一個變量,該變量指示操作是在公式的左側還是右側,這是因為-b + c不需要括號,但是c +(ab)確實需要括號。

private static String infijo(ArbolB t, int priority, boolean right) {
    String s = "";
    int oP = 0;
    if (t != null) {
        String info = String.valueOf(t.info);
        int pi = priority(info);
        if ("+-*/".contains(info)) {
            /* this only adds parentheses if the operation has higher priority or if the 
               operation on the right side should be done before the one on the left side*/
            if ("+-*/".contains(info)) {
                if (pi/2 < priority/2) s += "(";
                else s += pi/2 == priority/2 && pi != priority && right ? "(" : "";
                oP = priority; //stores the old priority
                priority= pi; //priority of the new operator
            }
        }
        if ("_".contains(info)) {
            s += "-";
            oP = priority;
            priority = pi;
        }
        s += infijo(t.left, priority, false) + (info.equals("_") ? "" : info) 
              + infijo(t.right, priority, true);
        if ("+-*/".contains(info)) {
         // adds the closing parentheses following the same rules as for the opening ones
            if (priority / 2 < oP / 2) s += ")";
            else s += priority / 2 == oP / 2 && priority != oP && right ? ")" : "";
        }
    }
    return s;
}

private static int priority(String op) {
    if ("_".contains(op))   return 4;
    if ("/".contains(op))   return 3;
    if ("*".contains(op))   return 2;
    if ("-".contains(op))   return 1;
                            return 0;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    ArbolB f = getFormula(); //this returns the Binary Expression Tree
    return infijo(f, Integer.MIN_VALUE, false);
}

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