C ++-Diamond-Square算法輸出隨機且嘈雜

Question

我對C ++中的Diamond-Square算法進行了粗略的解釋，以創建一些半現實的分形地形，但是輸出似乎在每個點上都是一個隨機的y值，而不是平滑的岩石形狀。 我已經更改了參數，但是感覺像從外面看代碼可能有助於我理解問題。 以下是輸出示例：

我懂了：

並且應如下所示：

編碼：

//Diamond-square algorithm
HeightMap::HeightMap(float maxY) {
//type = GL_POINTS; 
//type = GL_LINES;
numVertices = RAW_WIDTH*RAW_HEIGHT; //256^2 squares => 257^2 vertices
numIndices = (RAW_WIDTH - 1)*(RAW_HEIGHT - 1) * 6; //each square is 2 triangles (6 indices)
vertices = new Vector3[numVertices];
textureCoords = new Vector2[numVertices];
indices = new GLuint[numIndices];
colours = new Vector4[numVertices];

int cornerA, cornerB, cornerC, cornerD; //Identify corners
cornerA = 0;
cornerB = RAW_WIDTH - 1;
cornerC = RAW_WIDTH*RAW_HEIGHT - RAW_WIDTH;
cornerD = RAW_WIDTH*RAW_HEIGHT - 1;

//Create vertices
for (int x = 0; x < RAW_WIDTH; ++x) {
    for (int z = 0; z < RAW_HEIGHT; ++z) {
        int offset = (x * RAW_WIDTH) + z;
        float y = 0; //Start with vertices set flat
        if (offset == cornerA ||
            offset == cornerB ||
            offset == cornerC ||
            offset == cornerD) {
            vertices[offset] = Vector3(x * HEIGHTMAP_X, maxY/2, z * HEIGHTMAP_Z); //Initialise corners to mid height
            std::cout << "Corners: " << offset << std::endl;
        }

        if (vertices[offset] == Vector3(0, 0, 0)) {
            vertices[offset] = Vector3(x * HEIGHTMAP_X, y * HEIGHTMAP_Y, z * HEIGHTMAP_Z);
        }
        //  textureCoords[offset] = Vector2(x * HEIGHTMAP_TEX_X, z * HEIGHTMAP_TEX_Z);
    }
}

Vector3 tl, tr, bl, br;
tl = vertices[cornerA];
tr = vertices[cornerB];
bl = vertices[cornerC];
br = vertices[cornerD];

float roughness = 1.0f;

Square square = Square(tl, tr, bl, br);
diamondSquare(vertices, numVertices, square, roughness);

//Colour
for (int x = 0; x < RAW_WIDTH; ++x) {
    for (int z = 0; z < RAW_HEIGHT; ++z) {
        int offset = (x*RAW_WIDTH) + z;
        float shade;
        if (vertices[offset].y > 0) {
            shade = 1 - 1.0f / (vertices[offset].y / maxY * 2);
        }
        else {
            shade = 0.1f;
        }
        colours[offset] = Vector4(shade, shade, shade, 1.0f);
        //Colour any vertex that hasn't been passed over red
        if (vertices[offset].y == maxY / 2 + 100) {
            colours[offset] = Vector4(1, 0, 0, 1);
        }
    }
}

//Create indices
numIndices = 0;
for (int x = 0; x < RAW_WIDTH - 1; ++x) {
    for (int z = 0; z < RAW_HEIGHT - 1; ++z) {
        int a = (x*(RAW_WIDTH)) + z;
        int b = ((x + 1)*(RAW_WIDTH)) + z;
        int c = ((x + 1)*(RAW_WIDTH)) + (z + 1);
        int d = (x*(RAW_WIDTH)) + (z + 1);

        indices[numIndices++] = c;
        indices[numIndices++] = b;
        indices[numIndices++] = a;
        indices[numIndices++] = a;
        indices[numIndices++] = d;
        indices[numIndices++] = c;

    }
}
BufferData();

}

void HeightMap::squareStep(Vector3 vertices[], int len, Vector3 tl, Vector3 tr, Vector3 bl, Vector3 br, float mid, float roughness) {
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    Vector3 top = (tl + tr) / 2;
    Vector3 bot = (bl + br) / 2;
    Vector3 left = (tl + bl) / 2;
    Vector3 right = (tr + br) / 2;
    top.y = 0;
    bot.y = 0;
    left.y = 0;
    right.y = 0;
    if (vertices[i] == top ||
        vertices[i] == bot ||
        vertices[i] == left ||
        vertices[i] == right) {
        float y = rand() % (int)(mid/5);
        y *= roughness;
        vertices[i] = Vector3(vertices[i].x, mid + y, vertices[i].z); //Set Diamond centre points to mid height + rand
        std::cout << "Square: " << vertices[i];
    }
}

}

float HeightMap::diamondStep(Vector3 vertices[], int len, Vector3 tl, Vector3 tr, Vector3 bl, Vector3 br, float roughness) {
float avg;
float y;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        Vector3 corners = (tl + tr + bl + br) / 4;
        avg = corners.y;
        y = rand() % (int)(avg/5);
        y *= roughness;
        corners.y = 0;
        if (vertices[i] == corners) {
            vertices[i] = Vector3(vertices[i].x, avg + y, vertices[i].z);         //Set Square centre point to avg height of corners + rand
            std::cout << "Diamond: " << vertices[i];
        }
    }
return avg + y;

}

void HeightMap::diamondSquare(Vector3 vertices[], int numVertices, Square s, float roughness) {
Vector3 tl = s.tl;
Vector3 tr = s.tr;
Vector3 bl = s.bl;
Vector3 br = s.br;
float mid = diamondStep(vertices, numVertices, tl, tr, bl, br, roughness);
squareStep(vertices, numVertices, tl, tr, bl, br, mid, roughness);
roughness *= 0.75f;
if (s.width > 2 * HEIGHTMAP_X) {
    std::vector<Square> squares = s.split();
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        diamondSquare(vertices, numVertices, squares[i], roughness);
    }
}

}

Answer 1

您的中點計算看起來不對。 該算法應將那個正方形或菱形的中點設置為四個角點的平均值加上一個隨機值。 但是在您的代碼中，我看到了這一點：

y = rand() % (int)(avg/5);

這基本上就是說，將y設置為零角平均值的五分之一至五分之一之間的隨機數。 相反，我希望看到這樣的東西：

// get a random float in the range 0 to 1
float r = (float)(rand()) / (float)(RAND_MAX);
// scale r to be in the range -magnitude to magnitude
r = (r * 2 * magnitude) - magnitude;
// add the scaled random value to the average of the corners
y = avg + r;

注意：這種方法有可能使您的y值小於零。 如果這是一個問題，請通過找到最小值並從每個y中減去該值來對數據進行歸一化。