[英]How can I make windows show up one at a time in python tkinter?
[英]How can I make windows in Tkinter that run in succession? (Python 2.7.11)
我希望首先彈出一個登錄窗口,然后在滿足條件后關閉登錄窗口並打開一個新窗口。
from Tkinter import *
import tkMessageBox
#Not really sure what i'm doing here anymore
while True:
Login = Tk()
Login.title('Login')
Login.geometry('400x130')
NameLabel = Label(Login, text='Username')
NameLabel.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=100)
NameEntryRaw = Entry(Login)
NameEntryRaw.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=200)
CodeLabel = Label(Login, text='Code')
CodeLabel.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=100, y=30)
CodeEntryRaw = Entry(Login)
CodeEntryRaw.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=200, y=30)
def tbd():
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Congrats!', 'This program is not done yet')
def login():
Usernames=list()
Usernames.append('Mordecai')
Usernames.append('Ezekiel')
Usernames.append('Goliath')
Usernames.append('Abraham')
Usernames.append('Bartholomew')
Usernames.append('Jedediah')
Usernames.append('Solomon')
Usernames.append('Tobias')
Usernames.append('Yohanan')
Usernames.append('Lucifer')
NameEntry=NameEntryRaw.get()
CodeEntry=CodeEntryRaw.get()
CodeReal='116987'
if Usernames.count(NameEntry) == 0:
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Error!', 'Your Username is invalid! Try Again.')
else:
()
if CodeEntry != CodeReal:
tkMessageBox.showinfo('Error!', 'The Code entered is invalid! Try Again.')
else:
()
LoginButton = Button(Login, text="Login", command=login)
LoginButton.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=50, width=200, x=100, y=60)
Login.mainloop()
else:
DataBase = Tk()
#this will be the data base
DataBase.mainloop()
您不想使用兩個mainloop
。 一般來說,您的.mainloop
應用程序應該有一個.mainloop
調用。
至於如何獲取登錄彈出窗口,然后切換到窗口...您可以使用該應用創建根窗口,並且在啟動程序時會在Toplevel
窗口中顯示登錄內容,或者隱藏/撤消根目錄?,使頂層具有“提交”按鈕或用於驗證憑據的內容。 如果憑據有效,則可以使用destroy()
方法並刪除頂級窗口小部件/轉到主應用程序的根窗口。
出於某些明顯原因,讓while True
重復創建GUI + mainloop的過程很糟糕。
編輯 :靜態可能是可變對象的壞詞,因為它是可變的...添加了元組vs全局列表。
您無需創建空白列表,然后使用append
將用戶名添加到usernames
列表中。 您可以將此設置為全局。 由於用戶名是一個可變對象(它是一個列表),您仍然可以在此全局代碼中的其他位置執行操作,例如.append等。或者,如果您從未進行過這些更改,我將其設為元組,因為它們是不變的,這更符合意圖。
無需使用.count(*)
來獲取列表中某個元素的出現,您可以使用:
if (object) in (some list) #Object is an abstraction, not the type
如果CodeReal
是靜態的(看起來是靜態的),則也可以將其設置為全局。
這是對代碼的快速編輯,您可以在不使用類的情況下執行此操作,但是我在這里使用類來試圖清楚地顯示程序中的邏輯分離。
我還更改了一些變量名,以便於閱讀/理解。 我還使用了.pack()
和.grid()
因為這比必須在任意選擇位置都使用.place()
速度更快。
import Tkinter as tk
import tkMessageBox as messagebox
import sys
#No need to do usernames = list() and then .append for each one.
#Just make a global list holding them all...
USERNAMES = ('Mordecai', 'Ezekiel', 'Goliath', 'Abraham', 'Bartholomew',
'Jedediah', 'Solomon', 'Tobias', 'Yohanan', 'Lucifer')
PASSWORD = '116987' #Was CodeReal, this can be global
#We overrode the closing protocol here.
def closing_protocol():
if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
sys.exit()
#A container for our Login "app".
class Login(tk.Toplevel):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
#We init the toplevel widget.
tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
#We set the closing protocol to be the overridden version / func.
self.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closing_protocol)
tk.Label(self, text='Username').grid(row=0, column=0)
self.username = tk.Entry(self)
self.username.grid(row=0, column=1)
tk.Label(self, text='Password').grid(row=1, column=0)
#Show = '*' just hides the password instead of plain-text like
#you typically see
self.password = tk.Entry(self, text='Password', show='*')
self.password.grid(row=1, column=1)
#When the button is clicked the _callback function will be called
tk.Button(self, text='Login', command=self._callback).\
grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")
def _callback(self):
#If the username or password is bad, raise an error message.
if (self.username.get() not in USERNAMES or
self.password.get() != PASSWORD):
messagebox.showerror("Validation Error!",
"You have entered invalid credentials.\n" +
"Please try again.")
#otherwise, we're good to go. Destroy login / show main app.
else:
root.deiconify()
app.pack()
self.destroy()
class Main(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
tk.Label(self, text="MAIN APP STUFF").pack()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw() #Hides the root window initially.
app = Main(root)
Login()
root.mainloop()
我要感謝您澄清您為我所做的事情。 事實證明這是非常有幫助的! 這就是我已經解決的問題。 我放回了名稱,使它可以不使用類而工作,因為我發現使用它有點困難。
from Tkinter import *
import tkMessageBox
import sys
import binascii #Not for this part
Codenames = ['Mordecai', 'Ezekiel', 'Goliath', 'Abraham', 'Bartholomew',
'Jedediah', 'Solomon', 'Tobias', 'Yohanan', 'Lucifer']
Password = '116987'
def close_protocol():
if tkMessageBox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
sys.exit()
#Below for a later part...
def text_to_bits(text, encoding='utf-8', errors='surrogatepass'):
bits = bin(int(binascii.hexlify(text.encode(encoding, errors)), 16))[2:]
return bits.zfill(8 * ((len(bits) + 7) // 8))
def text_from_bits(bits, encoding='utf-8', errors='surrogatepass'):
n = int(bits, 2)
return int2bytes(n).decode(encoding, errors)
def int2bytes(i):
hex_string = '%x' % i
n = len(hex_string)
return binascii.unhexlify(hex_string.zfill(n + (n & 1)))
#Above for a later part...
SDB = Tk()
SDB.title("SMEGJALBYT DATA BASE")
SDB.withdraw()
SDBLogin = Toplevel()
SDBLogin.title("Login")
SDBLogin.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_protocol)
CodenameLabel = Label(SDBLogin, text="Codename")
CodenameLabel.grid(row=0, column=0)
CodenameEntry = Entry(SDBLogin)
CodenameEntry.grid(row=0, column=2)
PasswordLabel = Label(SDBLogin, text="Password")
PasswordLabel.grid(row=1, column=0)
PasswordEntry = Entry(SDBLogin, show='*')
PasswordEntry.grid(row=1, column=2)
def login_operation():
if CodenameEntry.get() not in Codenames:
tkMessageBox.showinfo("INVALID CODENAME!", "Please verify input in the 'Codename' field")
elif PasswordEntry.get() != Password:
tkMessageBox.showinfo("INVALID PASSWORD!", "Please verify input in the 'Password' field")
else:
SDB.deiconify()
SDBLogin.destroy()
LoginButton = Button(SDBLogin, text="Login", command=login_operation)
LoginButton.grid(row=2, column=1)
#Code continues...
#Code finisles....
SDB.mainloop()
它具有相同的基本功能,只是按照我想要的方式進行組織。
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