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C#將比較類作為通用類型傳遞

[英]C# passing a compare class as a generic type

我是C#的新手。 我試圖創建一個堆結構,然后想到了一個問題:如何將“比較類”傳遞給堆結構? 我的意思是,我想創建一個堆: Heap<int, cmp<int>> heap = new Heap<int, cmp<int>>(); 其中“ cmp”是一個比較類,它使堆按優先級順序排列(我在C ++中采用了priority_queue的思想)。 我成功地制作了一個使用最大-最小比較器的堆:

public class Heap<T, Priority>
    where Priority : IPriority<T>, new()
    where T : IComparable
{
    private List<T> storage = new List<T>();        
    private Priority HeapPriority = new Priority();
    private void UpHeap(int position)
    {            
        for(var i = position; i > 0; i = (i - 1) >> 1)
        {
            // Check whether storage[i] is more Priority than storage[(i - 1) >> 1]
            if (HeapPriority.MorePriority(storage[i], storage[(i - 1) >> 1])
                .CompareTo(storage[i]) == 0)
            {
                storage.Swap(i, (i - 1) >> 1);
            }
            else break;
        }
    }   
}

這是IPriority接口:

public interface IPriority<T>
    where T : IComparable
{
    T MorePriority(T a, T b);
}

我像這樣使用堆:

public class Min<T> : IPriority<T>
        where T : IComparable
    {
        public Min() { }
        public T MorePriority(T a, T b)
        {
            return a.CompareTo(b) <= 0 ? a : b;
        }
    }
static public void TestHeap()
    {
        var heap = new Heap<Pair<long, int>, Min<Pair<long, int>>>();            
        heap.Add(Pair<long, int>(10, 20));
        heap.Add(Pair<long, int>(21, 100));
        // ...
    }

但是我想要一個堆,以我想要的任何方式對項目進行排序,而不僅僅是最大-最小順序。 而且,有沒有辦法將“ Ipriority.MorePriority”用作靜態方法?因為它的工作原理與靜態方法一樣。 誰能給我一些建議? 對不起,我的英語不好。

我建議將IComparer<T>視為依賴項 ,並將其傳遞給構造函數; 像這樣的東西:

  // You can create a heap of any type, right? 
  // But in some cases (e.g. Heap<Button>) you should provide a comparer:
  // how to compare Button instances   
  public class Heap<T> {
    //TODO: implement here Heap as well as Unheap method having IComparer<T> m_Comparer
    ...
    private IComparer<T> m_Comparer;

    // comparer = null - if comparer is not provided, try to use default one
    // if it's possible (e.g. in case of Heap<double>)
    public Heap(IComparer<T> comparer = null): base() {
      // Do we have a default comparer (e.g. for int, double, string)?
      if (null == comparer) 
        if (typeof(IComparable).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(T)) ||
            typeof(IComparable<T>).IsAssignableFrom(typeof(T)))
          comparer = Comparer<T>.Default;

      if (null == comparer)
        throw new ArgumentNullException("comparer", string.Format(
          "There's no default comparer for {0} class, you should provide it explicitly.", 
          typeof(T).Name));

      m_Comparer = comparer;
    }
    ...
  }

這樣就可以創建堆

  // heap of integers, default comparer
  Heap<int> heap1 = new Heap<int>();

  // heap of integers, custom comparer (via lambda)
  Heap<int> heap2 = new Heap<int>(Comparer<int>.Create((x, y) => -x.CompareTo(y)));

  // heap of Buttons, custome comparer 
  Heap<Button> heap3 = new Heap<Button>(Comparer<Button>.Create((x, y) => ...));

這將引發異常Button類沒有默認比較器

  Heap<Button> heapErr = new Heap<Button>();

您應該只使用IComparer<T> ,這是.NET中所有集合所使用的。 例如:

public class Heap<T>
{
    private IComparer<T> comparer;
    private List<T> storage = new List<T>();     

    public Heap() : this(Comparer<T>.Default)
    {
    }

    public Heap(IComparer<T> comparer)
    {
        this.comparer = comparer;
    }

    private void UpHeap(int position)
    {            
        for(var i = position; i > 0; i = (i - 1) >> 1)
        {
            // Check whether storage[i] is more Priority than storage[(i - 1) >> 1]
            if (comparer.Compare(storage[i], storage[(i - 1) >> 1]) > 0)
            {
                storage.Swap(i, (i - 1) >> 1);
            }
            else break;
        }
    }   
}

這有幾個優點:

  • 您不需要比較器的額外類型參數,在其他方法中引用堆時,這會方便得多。
  • 無需將T約束為IComparable
  • 但是,如果它確實實現了ICompatable (如Int32一樣),則Comparer<T>.Default將使用該實現。

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