[英]Can we use AWK and gsub() to process data with multiple colons “:” ? How?
這是數據示例:
Col_01:14 .... Col_20:25 Col_21:23432 Col_22:639142
Col_01:8 .... Col_20:25 Col_22:25134 Col_23:243344
Col_01:17 .... Col_21:75 Col_23:79876 Col_25:634534 Col_22:5 Col_24:73453
Col_01:19 .... Col_20:25 Col_21:32425 Col_23:989423
Col_01:12 .... Col_20:25 Col_21:23424 Col_22:342421 Col_23:7 Col_24:13424 Col_25:67
Col_01:3 .... Col_20:95 Col_21:32121 Col_25:111231
如您所見,其中某些列的順序不正確...
現在,我認為將文件導入數據框的正確方法是對數據進行預處理,以便可以輸出具有NaN
值的數據框,例如
Col_01 .... Col_20 Col_21 Col22 Col23 Col24 Col25
8 .... 25 NaN 25134 243344 NaN NaN
17 .... NaN 75 2 79876 73453 634534
19 .... 25 32425 NaN 989423 NaN NaN
12 .... 25 23424 342421 7 13424 67
3 .... 95 32121 NaN NaN NaN 111231
@JamesBrown在此處顯示了該解決方案: 如何預處理“大數據” tsv文件並將其加載到python數據框中?
使用上述awk腳本:
BEGIN {
PROCINFO["sorted_in"]="@ind_str_asc" # traversal order for for(i in a)
}
NR==1 { # the header cols is in the beginning of data file
# FORGET THIS: header cols from another file replace NR==1 with NR==FNR and see * below
split($0,a," ") # mkheader a[1]=first_col ...
for(i in a) { # replace with a[first_col]="" ...
a[a[i]]
printf "%6s%s", a[i], OFS # output the header
delete a[i] # remove a[1], a[2], ...
}
# next # FORGET THIS * next here if cols from another file UNTESTED
}
{
gsub(/: /,"=") # replace key-value separator ": " with "="
split($0,b,FS) # split record from ","
for(i in b) {
split(b[i],c,"=") # split key=value to c[1]=key, c[2]=value
b[c[1]]=c[2] # b[key]=value
}
for(i in a) # go thru headers in a[] and printf from b[]
printf "%6s%s", (i in b?b[i]:"NaN"), OFS; print ""
}
並將標題放入文本文件cols.txt
Col_01 Col_20 Col_21 Col_22 Col_23 Col_25
我現在的問題是:如果我們擁有的數據不是column: value
而是column: value1: value2: value3
,我們該如何使用awk?
我們希望數據庫條目為value1: value2: value3
這是新數據:
Col_01:14:a:47 .... Col_20:25:i:z Col_21:23432:6:b Col_22:639142:4:x
Col_01:8:z .... Col_20:25:i:4 Col_22:25134:u:0 Col_23:243344:5:6
Col_01:17:7:z .... Col_21:75:u:q Col_23:79876:u:0 Col_25:634534:8:1
我們仍然預先為列提供cols.txt
我們如何創建類似的數據庫結構? 是否可以使用gsub()
限制為:
與標題相同的第一個值?
編輯:這並不一定要基於AWK。 任何語言都會自然而然地
這是另一種選擇...
$ awk -v OFS='\t' '{for(i=1;i<NF;i+=2) # iterate over name: value pairs
{c=$i; # copy name in c to modify
sub(/:/,"",c); # remove colon
a[NR,c]=$(i+1); # collect data by row number, name
cols[c]}} # save name
END{n=asorti(cols,icols); # sort names
for(j=1;j<=n;j++) printf "%s", icols[j] OFS; # print header
print "";
for(i=1;i<=NR;i++) # print data
{for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{v=a[i,icols[j]];
printf "%s", (v?v:"NaN") OFS} # replace missing data with NaN
print ""}}' file | column -t # pipe to column for pretty print
Col_01 Col_20 Col_21 Col_22 Col_23 Col_25
14:a:47 25:i:z 23432:6:b 639142:4:x NaN NaN
8:z 25:i:4 NaN 25134:u:0 243344:5:6 NaN
17:7:z NaN 75:u:q NaN 79876:u:0 634534:8:1
我也有karakfa的回答。 如果列名與值之間沒有用空格分隔(例如,如果您具有Col_01:14:a:47
),則可以執行此操作(將GNU awk用於擴展match
功能)
{
for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) {
match($i, /^([^:]+):(.*)/, m)
a[NR,m[1]] = m[2]
cols[m[1]]
}
}
END塊相同
(awk (:set ft #/-?\d+/) ;; ft is "field tokenize" (no counterpart in Awk)
(:let (tab (hash :equal-based)) (max-col 1) (width 8))
((ff (mapcar toint) (tuples 2)) ;; filter fields to int and shore up into pairs
(set max-col (max max-col [find-max [mapcar first f]]))
(mapdo (ado set [tab ^(,nr ,@1)] @2) f)) ;; stuff data into table
(:end (let ((headings (mapcar (opip (format nil "Col~,02a")
`@{@1 width}`)
(range 1 max-col))))
(put-line `@{headings " "}`))
(each ((row (range 1 nr)))
(let ((cols (mapcar (opip (or [tab ^(,row ,@1)] "NaN")
`@{@1 width}`)
(range 1 max-col))))
(put-line `@{cols " "}`)))))
較小的樣本數據:
Col_01: 14 Col_04: 25 Col_06: 23432 Col_07: 639142 Col_02: 8 Col_03: 25 Col_05: 25134 Col_06: 243344 Col_01: 17 Col_06: 19 Col_07: 32425
跑:
$ txr reformat.tl data-small Col01 Col02 Col03 Col04 Col05 Col06 Col07 14 NaN NaN 25 NaN 23432 639142 NaN 8 25 NaN 25134 243344 NaN 17 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19 32425
PS opip
是一個宏,它針對部分功能應用而從op
宏進行增強。 opip
將op
隱式分配到其參數表達式中,然后將結果函數鏈接到一個功能管線中:因此是“ op
-pipe”。 在每個管道元素中,都可以引用其自己編號的隱式參數: @1
, @2
,...如果不存在,則部分應用的函數會隱式接收管道對象作為其最右邊的參數。
^(,row ,@1)
語法是TXR Lisp的反引號。 主流Lisp方言用於反引號的反引號已被用於字符串准引號。 這等效於(list row @1)
:創建一個由row
值和隱式op/do
生成的函數參數@1
。 兩個元素的列表用作哈希鍵,可模擬2D數組。 為此,哈希必須:equal-based
。 如果列表(1 2)
(1 2)
是單獨的實例而不是一個相同的對象,則它們不是eql
; 它們在equal
函數下比較相等。
只是為了好玩,一些不可理解的Perl
perl -aE'%l=%{{@F}};while(($k,$v)=each%l){$c{$k}=1;$a[$.]{$k}=$v}END{$,="\t";say@c=sort keys%c;for$i(1..$.){say map{$a[$i]{$_}//"NaN"}@c}}' input
(社區維基,以掩飾我的恥辱...)
打了幾個字符:
perl -aE'while(@F){$c{$k=shift@F}=1;$data[$.]{$k}=shift@F}END{$,="\t";say@c=sort keys%c;for$i(1..$.){say map{$data[$i]{$_}//"NaN"}@c}}' input
聲明:本站的技術帖子網頁,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0協議,如果您需要轉載,請注明本站網址或者原文地址。任何問題請咨詢:yoyou2525@163.com.