[英]Can we use AWK and gsub() to process data with multiple colons “:” ? How?
这是数据示例:
Col_01:14 .... Col_20:25 Col_21:23432 Col_22:639142
Col_01:8 .... Col_20:25 Col_22:25134 Col_23:243344
Col_01:17 .... Col_21:75 Col_23:79876 Col_25:634534 Col_22:5 Col_24:73453
Col_01:19 .... Col_20:25 Col_21:32425 Col_23:989423
Col_01:12 .... Col_20:25 Col_21:23424 Col_22:342421 Col_23:7 Col_24:13424 Col_25:67
Col_01:3 .... Col_20:95 Col_21:32121 Col_25:111231
如您所见,其中某些列的顺序不正确...
现在,我认为将文件导入数据框的正确方法是对数据进行预处理,以便可以输出具有NaN
值的数据框,例如
Col_01 .... Col_20 Col_21 Col22 Col23 Col24 Col25
8 .... 25 NaN 25134 243344 NaN NaN
17 .... NaN 75 2 79876 73453 634534
19 .... 25 32425 NaN 989423 NaN NaN
12 .... 25 23424 342421 7 13424 67
3 .... 95 32121 NaN NaN NaN 111231
@JamesBrown在此处显示了该解决方案: 如何预处理“大数据” tsv文件并将其加载到python数据框中?
使用上述awk脚本:
BEGIN {
PROCINFO["sorted_in"]="@ind_str_asc" # traversal order for for(i in a)
}
NR==1 { # the header cols is in the beginning of data file
# FORGET THIS: header cols from another file replace NR==1 with NR==FNR and see * below
split($0,a," ") # mkheader a[1]=first_col ...
for(i in a) { # replace with a[first_col]="" ...
a[a[i]]
printf "%6s%s", a[i], OFS # output the header
delete a[i] # remove a[1], a[2], ...
}
# next # FORGET THIS * next here if cols from another file UNTESTED
}
{
gsub(/: /,"=") # replace key-value separator ": " with "="
split($0,b,FS) # split record from ","
for(i in b) {
split(b[i],c,"=") # split key=value to c[1]=key, c[2]=value
b[c[1]]=c[2] # b[key]=value
}
for(i in a) # go thru headers in a[] and printf from b[]
printf "%6s%s", (i in b?b[i]:"NaN"), OFS; print ""
}
并将标题放入文本文件cols.txt
Col_01 Col_20 Col_21 Col_22 Col_23 Col_25
我现在的问题是:如果我们拥有的数据不是column: value
而是column: value1: value2: value3
,我们该如何使用awk?
我们希望数据库条目为value1: value2: value3
这是新数据:
Col_01:14:a:47 .... Col_20:25:i:z Col_21:23432:6:b Col_22:639142:4:x
Col_01:8:z .... Col_20:25:i:4 Col_22:25134:u:0 Col_23:243344:5:6
Col_01:17:7:z .... Col_21:75:u:q Col_23:79876:u:0 Col_25:634534:8:1
我们仍然预先为列提供cols.txt
我们如何创建类似的数据库结构? 是否可以使用gsub()
限制为:
与标题相同的第一个值?
编辑:这并不一定要基于AWK。 任何语言都会自然而然地
这是另一种选择...
$ awk -v OFS='\t' '{for(i=1;i<NF;i+=2) # iterate over name: value pairs
{c=$i; # copy name in c to modify
sub(/:/,"",c); # remove colon
a[NR,c]=$(i+1); # collect data by row number, name
cols[c]}} # save name
END{n=asorti(cols,icols); # sort names
for(j=1;j<=n;j++) printf "%s", icols[j] OFS; # print header
print "";
for(i=1;i<=NR;i++) # print data
{for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
{v=a[i,icols[j]];
printf "%s", (v?v:"NaN") OFS} # replace missing data with NaN
print ""}}' file | column -t # pipe to column for pretty print
Col_01 Col_20 Col_21 Col_22 Col_23 Col_25
14:a:47 25:i:z 23432:6:b 639142:4:x NaN NaN
8:z 25:i:4 NaN 25134:u:0 243344:5:6 NaN
17:7:z NaN 75:u:q NaN 79876:u:0 634534:8:1
我也有karakfa的回答。 如果列名与值之间没有用空格分隔(例如,如果您具有Col_01:14:a:47
),则可以执行此操作(将GNU awk用于扩展match
功能)
{
for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) {
match($i, /^([^:]+):(.*)/, m)
a[NR,m[1]] = m[2]
cols[m[1]]
}
}
END块相同
(awk (:set ft #/-?\d+/) ;; ft is "field tokenize" (no counterpart in Awk)
(:let (tab (hash :equal-based)) (max-col 1) (width 8))
((ff (mapcar toint) (tuples 2)) ;; filter fields to int and shore up into pairs
(set max-col (max max-col [find-max [mapcar first f]]))
(mapdo (ado set [tab ^(,nr ,@1)] @2) f)) ;; stuff data into table
(:end (let ((headings (mapcar (opip (format nil "Col~,02a")
`@{@1 width}`)
(range 1 max-col))))
(put-line `@{headings " "}`))
(each ((row (range 1 nr)))
(let ((cols (mapcar (opip (or [tab ^(,row ,@1)] "NaN")
`@{@1 width}`)
(range 1 max-col))))
(put-line `@{cols " "}`)))))
较小的样本数据:
Col_01: 14 Col_04: 25 Col_06: 23432 Col_07: 639142 Col_02: 8 Col_03: 25 Col_05: 25134 Col_06: 243344 Col_01: 17 Col_06: 19 Col_07: 32425
跑:
$ txr reformat.tl data-small Col01 Col02 Col03 Col04 Col05 Col06 Col07 14 NaN NaN 25 NaN 23432 639142 NaN 8 25 NaN 25134 243344 NaN 17 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19 32425
PS opip
是一个宏,它针对部分功能应用而从op
宏进行增强。 opip
将op
隐式分配到其参数表达式中,然后将结果函数链接到一个功能管线中:因此是“ op
-pipe”。 在每个管道元素中,都可以引用其自己编号的隐式参数: @1
, @2
,...如果不存在,则部分应用的函数会隐式接收管道对象作为其最右边的参数。
^(,row ,@1)
语法是TXR Lisp的反引号。 主流Lisp方言用于反引号的反引号已被用于字符串准引号。 这等效于(list row @1)
:创建一个由row
值和隐式op/do
生成的函数参数@1
。 两个元素的列表用作哈希键,可模拟2D数组。 为此,哈希必须:equal-based
。 如果列表(1 2)
(1 2)
是单独的实例而不是一个相同的对象,则它们不是eql
; 它们在equal
函数下比较相等。
只是为了好玩,一些不可理解的Perl
perl -aE'%l=%{{@F}};while(($k,$v)=each%l){$c{$k}=1;$a[$.]{$k}=$v}END{$,="\t";say@c=sort keys%c;for$i(1..$.){say map{$a[$i]{$_}//"NaN"}@c}}' input
(社区维基,以掩饰我的耻辱...)
打了几个字符:
perl -aE'while(@F){$c{$k=shift@F}=1;$data[$.]{$k}=shift@F}END{$,="\t";say@c=sort keys%c;for$i(1..$.){say map{$data[$i]{$_}//"NaN"}@c}}' input
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