如何在不互相替換的情況下獲得字典的多個值？

Question

def newRecord(record):
    record= {'name' : 'test'}
    students = int(input('How many students are in your class? '))
    tests = int(input('How many tests have you given? '))
    for name in range(students):
        record ['name'] = input('Please enter students name: ')
        for test in range(tests):
            record ['test'] = input('Please enter test score: ')
    print (record)

例如，根據用戶的輸入，我試圖獲取記錄以進行打印，如下所示，並且試圖將所有要測試的值保存在指定的名稱下。

{'name' : ' sam', 'test':  '99','98','78'}
{'name' : 'john', 'test':  '92','68','70'}

要么

{'sam': '99','98','78'}
{'john':'92','68','70'}

Answer 1

使用list因為您的標簽暗示：

record['test'] = []
for test in range(tests):
    score = input('Please enter test score: ')
    record['test'].append(score)

Answer 2

您應該保留一個列表作為每個詞典關鍵字項的值，其中關鍵字將是學生姓名，而list將包含測試成績。 請參閱下面的示例。

record= {}
students = int(input('How many students are in your class? '))
tests = int(input('How many tests have you given? '))
for name in range(students):
    name = input('Please enter students name: ')
    testScores = []
    for test in range(tests):
        testScores.append(input('Please enter test score: '))
    record[name] = testScores
print (record)

它輸出：

How many students are in your class? 2
How many tests have you given? 3
Please enter students name: Alex
Please enter test score: 80
Please enter test score: 75
Please enter test score: 95
Please enter students name: Mac
Please enter test score: 90
Please enter test score: 88
Please enter test score: 79
{'Alex': ['80', '75', '95'], 'Mac': ['90', '88', '79']}

Answer 3

我在這里看到一些問題：

• 該方法會立即覆蓋您的record參數，這可能會導致一路奇怪
• 您試圖將多個值封裝在僅處理鍵值關系的數據結構中
• 您並沒有真正利用Python 類抽象的有用設計元素。

我的建議：

1. 為Student創建一個類，並在其中引用所有信息。

    class Student(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name self.test_scores = [] 

   在這里，我建議您定義一個合適的__str__()值，但我將其留給讀者練習。

2. 在某個地方創建一個記錄列表，它只是一個學生列表。

    students = [] 

3. 調整newRecord方法以利用該類（並將其重命名以更好地描述其目的）。

    def create_new_records(): students = int(input('How many students are in your class? ')) tests = int(input('How many tests have you given? ')) for i in range(students): student_name = input('Please enter students name: ') student = Student(student_name) for j in range(tests): student.test_scores.append(input('Please enter test score: ')) students.append(student) print(student) 

Answer 4

您可以根據需要繼續使用字典：

def newRecord():
    record = {}
    students = int(input('How many students are in your class? '))
    for name in range(students):
        name = input('Please enter students name: ')
        test = input('Please enter test score: ')
        record[name] = test
    print(record)

這將記錄：

How many students are in your class? 3
Please enter students name: john
Please enter test score: 12
Please enter students name: mike
Please enter test score: 33, 45, 66
Please enter students name: otherjohn
Please enter test score: 9
{'john': '12', 'otherjohn': '9', 'mike': '33, 45, 66'}

或者，您可以使用以下方法就地進行：

for name in range(students):
    record[input('Please enter students name: ')] = input('Please enter test score: ')
print (record)

但是，這將首先要求您提供測試成績，然后是名稱。