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在其圖中附加具有現有和新實體混合的實體(Entity Framework Core 1.1.0)

[英]Attaching an entity with a mix of existing and new entities in its graph (Entity Framework Core 1.1.0)

將附加實體的實體附加到現有實體時,我遇到了一個問題(我將現有實體稱為數據庫中已存在的實體,並正確設置了PK)。

問題是使用Entity Framework Core 1.1.0時。 這與Entity Framework 7(Entity Framework Core的初始名稱)完美配合。

我沒有嘗試使用EF6或EF Core 1.0.0。

我想知道這是回歸,還是故意改變行為。

該模型

測試模型包括PlacePerson以及Place和Person之間的多對多關系,通過名為PlacePerson的連接實體。

public abstract class BaseEntity
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

public class Person : BaseEntity
{
    public int? StatusId { get; set; }
    public Status Status { get; set; }
    public List<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; } = new List<PersonPlace>();
}

public class Place : BaseEntity
{
    public List<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; } = new List<PersonPlace>();
}

public class PersonPlace : BaseEntity
{
    public int? PersonId { get; set; }
    public Person Person { get; set; }
    public int? PlaceId { get; set; }
    public Place Place { get; set; }
}

數據庫上下文

所有關系都明確定義(沒有冗余)。

    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
    {
        base.OnModelCreating(builder);

        // PersonPlace
        builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
            .HasAlternateKey(o => new { o.PersonId, o.PlaceId });
        builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
            .HasOne(pl => pl.Person)
            .WithMany(p => p.PersonPlaceCollection)
            .HasForeignKey(p => p.PersonId);
        builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
            .HasOne(p => p.Place)
            .WithMany(pl => pl.PersonPlaceCollection)
            .HasForeignKey(p => p.PlaceId);
    }

所有具體實體也在此模型中公開:

public DbSet<Person> PersonCollection { get; set; } 
public DbSet<Place> PlaceCollection { get; set; }
public DbSet<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; }

保理數據訪問

我正在使用Repository樣式的基類來計算所有與數據訪問相關的代碼。

public class DbRepository<T> where T : BaseEntity
{
    protected readonly MyContext _context;
    protected DbRepository(MyContext context) { _context = context; }

    // AsNoTracking provides detached entities
    public virtual T FindByNameAsNoTracking(string name) => 
        _context.Set<T>()
            .AsNoTracking()
            .FirstOrDefault(e => e.Name == name);

    // New entities should be inserted
    public void Insert(T entity) => _context.Add(entity);
    // Existing (PK > 0) entities should be updated
    public void Update(T entity) => _context.Update(entity);
    // Commiting
    public void SaveChanges() => _context.SaveChanges();
}

重現異常的步驟

創建一個人並保存。 創建一個地方並保存。

// Repo
var context = new MyContext()
var personRepo = new DbRepository<Person>(context);
var placeRepo = new DbRepository<Place>(context);

// Person
var jonSnow = new Person() { Name = "Jon SNOW" };
personRepo.Add(jonSnow);
personRepo.SaveChanges();

// Place
var castleblackPlace = new Place() { Name = "Castleblack" };
placeRepo.Add(castleblackPlace);
placeRepo.SaveChanges();

人員和地點都在數據庫中,因此定義了主鍵。 PK由SQL Server生成為標識列。

重新加載人和地點,作為分離的實體(它們被分離的事實用於通過Web API模擬http發布實體的場景,例如在客戶端使用angularJS)。

// detached entities
var jonSnow = personRepo.FindByNameAsNoTracking("Jon SNOW");
var castleblackPlace = placeRepo.FindByNameAsNoTracking("Castleblack");

將此人添加到該地點並保存:

castleblackPlace.PersonPlaceCollection.Add(
    new PersonPlace()  { Person = jonSnow }
);
placeRepo.Update(castleblackPlace);
placeRepo.SaveChanges();

SaveChanges上引發異常,因為EF Core 1.1.0嘗試INSERT現有人而不是執行UPDATE (盡管其主鍵值已設置)。

例外細節

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbUpdateException:更新條目時發生錯誤。 有關詳細信息,請參閱內部異常 ---> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException:當IDENTITY_INSERT設置為OFF時,無法在表'Person'中為identity列插入顯式值。

之前的版本

此代碼可以與EF Core(名為EF7)和DNX CLI的alpha版本完美配合(但不一定優化)。

解決方法

迭代根實體圖並正確設置實體狀態:

_context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(entity, node =>
    {
        var entry = node.Entry;
        var childEntity = (BaseEntity)entry.Entity;
        entry.State = childEntity.Id <= 0? EntityState.Added : EntityState.Modified;
    });

最后有什么問題???

為什么我們必須手動跟蹤實體狀態,而以前版本的EF完全處理它,即使重新附加分離的實體?

完整的復制源(EFCore 1.1.0 - 不工作)

完整的再現源(包括上面描述的解決方法,但其注釋被評論。取消注釋它將使此源工作)。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace EF110CoreTest
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // One scope for initial data
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                // Repo
                var personRepo = new DbRepository<Person>(context);
                var placeRepo = new DbRepository<Place>(context);

                // Database
                context.Database.EnsureDeleted();
                context.Database.EnsureCreated();


                /***********************************************************************/

                // Step 1 : Create a person
                var jonSnow = new Person() { Name = "Jon SNOW" };
                personRepo.InsertOrUpdate(jonSnow);
                personRepo.SaveChanges();

                /***********************************************************************/

                // Step 2 : Create a place
                var castleblackPlace = new Place() { Name = "Castleblack" };
                placeRepo.InsertOrUpdate(castleblackPlace);
                placeRepo.SaveChanges();

                /***********************************************************************/
            }

            // Another scope to put one people in one place
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                // Repo
                var personRepo = new DbRepository<Person>(context);
                var placeRepo = new DbRepository<Place>(context);

                // entities
                var jonSnow = personRepo.FindByNameAsNoTracking("Jon SNOW");
                var castleblackPlace = placeRepo.FindByNameAsNoTracking("Castleblack");

                // Step 3 : add person to this place
                castleblackPlace.AddPerson(jonSnow);
                placeRepo.InsertOrUpdate(castleblackPlace);
                placeRepo.SaveChanges();
            }

        }
    }

    public class DbRepository<T> where T : BaseEntity
    {
        public readonly MyContext _context;
        public DbRepository(MyContext context) { _context = context; }

        public virtual T FindByNameAsNoTracking(string name) => _context.Set<T>().AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefault(e => e.Name == name);

        public void InsertOrUpdate(T entity)
        {
            if (entity.IsNew) Insert(entity); else Update(entity);
        }

        public void Insert(T entity)
        {
            // uncomment to enable workaround
            //ApplyStates(entity);
            _context.Add(entity);
        }

        public void Update(T entity)
        {
            // uncomment to enable workaround
            //ApplyStates(entity);
            _context.Update(entity);
        }

        public void Delete(T entity)
        {
            _context.Remove(entity);
        }

        private void ApplyStates(T entity)
        {
            _context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(entity, node =>
            {
                var entry = node.Entry;
                var childEntity = (BaseEntity)entry.Entity;
                entry.State = childEntity.IsNew ? EntityState.Added : EntityState.Modified;
            });
        }

        public void SaveChanges() => _context.SaveChanges();
    }

    #region Models
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [NotMapped]
        public bool IsNew => Id <= 0;
        public override string ToString() => $"Id={Id} | Name={Name} | Type={GetType()}";
    }

    public class Person : BaseEntity
    {
        public List<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; } = new List<PersonPlace>();
        public void AddPlace(Place place) => PersonPlaceCollection.Add(new PersonPlace { Place = place });
    }

    public class Place : BaseEntity
    {
        public List<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; } = new List<PersonPlace>();
        public void AddPerson(Person person) => PersonPlaceCollection.Add(new PersonPlace { Person = person, PersonId = person?.Id, PlaceId = 0});
    }

    public class PersonPlace : BaseEntity
    {
        public int? PersonId { get; set; }
        public Person Person { get; set; }
        public int? PlaceId { get; set; }
        public Place Place { get; set; }
    }

    #endregion

    #region Context
    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Person> PersonCollection { get; set; } 
        public DbSet<Place> PlaceCollection { get; set; }
        public DbSet<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);


            // PersonPlace
            builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
                .HasAlternateKey(o => new { o.PersonId, o.PlaceId });
            builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
                .HasOne(pl => pl.Person)
                .WithMany(p => p.PersonPlaceCollection)
                .HasForeignKey(p => p.PersonId);
            builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
                .HasOne(p => p.Place)
                .WithMany(pl => pl.PersonPlaceCollection)
                .HasForeignKey(p => p.PlaceId);
        }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EF110CoreTest;Trusted_Connection=True;");
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

EFCore1.1.0項目的Project.json文件

{
  "version": "1.0.0-*",
  "buildOptions": {
    "emitEntryPoint": true
},

  "dependencies": {
    "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore": "1.1.0",
    "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer": "1.1.0",
    "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools": "1.1.0-preview4-final" 
},

  "frameworks": {
    "net461": {}
},

  "tools": {
    "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet": "1.0.0-preview3-final"
  }
}

使用EF7 / DNX的工作源

using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace EF7Test
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // One scope for initial data
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                // Repo
                var personRepo = new DbRepository<Person>(context);
                var placeRepo = new DbRepository<Place>(context);

                // Database
                context.Database.EnsureDeleted();
                context.Database.EnsureCreated();


                /***********************************************************************/

                // Step 1 : Create a person
                var jonSnow = new Person() { Name = "Jon SNOW" };
                personRepo.InsertOrUpdate(jonSnow);
                personRepo.SaveChanges();

                /***********************************************************************/

                // Step 2 : Create a place
                var castleblackPlace = new Place() { Name = "Castleblack" };
                placeRepo.InsertOrUpdate(castleblackPlace);
                placeRepo.SaveChanges();

                /***********************************************************************/
            }

            // Another scope to put one people in one place
            using (var context = new MyContext())
            {
                // Repo
                var personRepo = new DbRepository<Person>(context);
                var placeRepo = new DbRepository<Place>(context);

                // entities
                var jonSnow = personRepo.FindByNameAsNoTracking("Jon SNOW");
                var castleblackPlace = placeRepo.FindByNameAsNoTracking("Castleblack");

                // Step 3 : add person to this place
                castleblackPlace.AddPerson(jonSnow);
                placeRepo.InsertOrUpdate(castleblackPlace);
                placeRepo.SaveChanges();
            }

        }
    }

    public class DbRepository<T> where T : BaseEntity
    {
        public readonly MyContext _context;
        public DbRepository(MyContext context) { _context = context; }

        public virtual T FindByNameAsNoTracking(string name) => _context.Set<T>().AsNoTracking().FirstOrDefault(e => e.Name == name);

        public void InsertOrUpdate(T entity)
        {
            if (entity.IsNew) Insert(entity); else Update(entity);
        }

        public void Insert(T entity) => _context.Add(entity);
        public void Update(T entity) => _context.Update(entity);
        public void SaveChanges() => _context.SaveChanges();
    }

    #region Models
    public abstract class BaseEntity
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [NotMapped]
        public bool IsNew => Id <= 0;
        public override string ToString() => $"Id={Id} | Name={Name} | Type={GetType()}";
    }

    public class Person : BaseEntity
    {
        public List<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; } = new List<PersonPlace>();
        public void AddPlace(Place place) => PersonPlaceCollection.Add(new PersonPlace { Place = place });
    }

    public class Place : BaseEntity
    {
        public List<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; } = new List<PersonPlace>();
        public void AddPerson(Person person) => PersonPlaceCollection.Add(new PersonPlace { Person = person, PersonId = person?.Id, PlaceId = 0 });
    }

    public class PersonPlace : BaseEntity
    {
        public int? PersonId { get; set; }
        public Person Person { get; set; }
        public int? PlaceId { get; set; }
        public Place Place { get; set; }
    }

    #endregion

    #region Context
    public class MyContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Person> PersonCollection { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Place> PlaceCollection { get; set; }
        public DbSet<PersonPlace> PersonPlaceCollection { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(builder);

            // PersonPlace
            builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
                .HasAlternateKey(o => new { o.PersonId, o.PlaceId });
            builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
                .HasOne(pl => pl.Person)
                .WithMany(p => p.PersonPlaceCollection)
                .HasForeignKey(p => p.PersonId);
            builder.Entity<PersonPlace>()
                .HasOne(p => p.Place)
                .WithMany(pl => pl.PersonPlaceCollection)
                .HasForeignKey(p => p.PlaceId);
        }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
        {
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(@"Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=EF7Test;Trusted_Connection=True;");
        }
    }
    #endregion
}

和相應的項目文件:

{
"version": "1.0.0-*",
"buildOptions": {
    "emitEntryPoint": true
},

"dependencies": {
    "EntityFramework.Commands": "7.0.0-rc1-*",
    "EntityFramework.Core": "7.0.0-rc1-*",
    "EntityFramework.MicrosoftSqlServer": "7.0.0-rc1-*"
},

"frameworks": {
    "dnx451": {}
},

"commands": {
    "ef": "EntityFramework.Commands"
}
}

經過一些研究,閱讀評論,博客文章,最重要的是,EF團隊成員對我在GitHub回購中提交的問題的回答,看來我在問題中注意到的行為不是錯誤,而是一個功能EF Core 1.0.0和1.1.0。

[...] 1.1在每當我們確定一個實體應該被添加因為它沒有密鑰集時,那么作為該實體的子節點發現的所有實體也將被標記為已添加。

(亞瑟維克斯 - > https://github.com/aspnet/EntityFramework/issues/7334

所以我稱之為'變通方法'實際上是一種推薦的做法,正如Ivan Stoev在他的評論中所說的那樣。

根據主鍵狀態處理實體狀態

DbContect.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(object rootEntity, Action<EntityEntryGraphNodes> callback)方法獲取根實體(發布,添加,更新,附加,等等),然后迭代關系圖中的所有已發現實體的根,並執行回調Action。

這可於被稱為_context.Add()_context.Update()方法。

_context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(rootEntity, node => 
{ 
    node.Entry.State = n.Entry.IsKeySet ? 
        EntityState.Modified : 
        EntityState.Added; 
});

但是 (之前沒有任何說法,但實際上很重要!)有些東西我已經失蹤太久了,這導致我HeadAcheExceptions:

如果發現已經由上下文跟蹤的實體,則不處理該實體(並且不遍歷它的導航屬性)。

(來源:該方法的智能感知!)

因此,在發布斷開連接的實體之前,確保上下文沒有任何內容可能是安全的:

public virtual void DetachAll()
{
    foreach (var entityEntry in _context.ChangeTracker.Entries().ToArray())
    {
        if (entityEntry.Entity != null)
        {
            entityEntry.State = EntityState.Detached;
        }
    }
}

客戶端狀態映射

另一種方法是處理客戶端的狀態,發布實體(因此通過設計斷開連接),並根據客戶端狀態設置其狀態。

首先,定義一個將客戶端狀態映射到實體狀態的枚舉(只缺少分離狀態,因為沒有意義):

public enum ObjectState
{
    Unchanged = 1,
    Deleted = 2,
    Modified = 3,
    Added = 4
}

然后,使用DbContect.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(object rootEntity, Action<EntityEntryGraphNodes> callback)方法根據客戶端狀態設置實體狀態:

_context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(entity, node =>
{
    var entry = node.Entry;
    // I don't like switch case blocks !
    if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Deleted) entry.State = EntityState.Deleted;
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Unchanged) entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged;
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Modified) entry.State = EntityState.Modified;
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Added) entry.State = EntityState.Added;
});

使用這種方法,我使用BaseEntity抽象類,它共享我的實體的Id (PK),以及ClientState (類型為ObjectState )(和一個IsNew訪問器,基於PK值)

public abstract class BaseEntity
{
    public int Id {get;set;}
    [NotMapped]
    public ObjectState ClientState { get;set; } = ObjectState.Unchanged;
    [NotMapped]
    public bool IsNew => Id <= 0;
}

樂觀/啟發式方法

這就是我實際實現的。 我有舊方法的混合(意思是如果實體有未定義的PK,必須添加,如果根有PK,則必須更新),以及客戶端狀態方法:

_context.ChangeTracker.TrackGraph(entity, node =>
{
    var entry = node.Entry;
    // cast to my own BaseEntity
    var childEntity = (BaseEntity)node.Entry.Entity;
    // If entity is new, it must be added whatever the client state
    if (childEntity.IsNew) entry.State = EntityState.Added;
    // then client state is mapped
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Deleted) entry.State = EntityState.Deleted;
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Unchanged) entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged;
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Modified) entry.State = EntityState.Modified;
    else if (childEntity.ClientState == ObjectState.Added) entry.State = EntityState.Added;
});

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