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廣度優先搜索實施不起作用

[英]Breadth-First Search implementation not Working

我在使用廣度優先搜索算法時遇到問題,我有一種方法可以隨機排列一個從0到8的整數數組。 我還有一個整數m,告訴我哪個數字為空。 規則如下:

我得到了一些數字,例如:

456           
782        
301

可以說8是空白值,我可以將其與5、7、2和0交換。因為它們緊鄰它。 我必須使用廣度優先搜索來解決這個難題。 這是我到目前為止編寫的代碼:

package application;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Vector;

public class Solution {

    /******************************************
     * Implementation Here
     ***************************************/

    /*
     * Implementation here: you need to implement the Breadth First Search
     * Method
     */
    /* Please refer the instruction document for this function in details */

    public static LinkedHashSet<int[]> OPEN = new LinkedHashSet<int[]>();
        public static HashSet<int[]> CLOSED = new HashSet<int[]>();
    public static boolean STATE = false;
    public static int empty;

    public static void breadthFirstSearch(int[] num, int m, Vector solution1) {
        int statesVisited = 0;
        for(int i : num) {
            if(num[i] == m) {
                empty = i;
            }
        }

        int[] start = num;
        int[] goal = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
        int[] X;
        int[] temp = {};

        OPEN.add(start);

        while (OPEN.isEmpty() == false && STATE == false) {

            X = OPEN.iterator().next();
            OPEN.remove(X);

            int pos = empty; // get position of ZERO or EMPTY SPACE
            if (compareArray(X,goal)) {
                System.out.println("SUCCESS");

                STATE = true;
            } else {
                // generate child nodes
                CLOSED.add(X);

                temp = up(X, pos);
                if (temp != null)
                    OPEN.add(temp);
                temp = left(X, pos);
                if (temp != null)
                    OPEN.add(temp);
                temp = down(X, pos);
                if (temp != null)
                    OPEN.add(temp);
                temp = right(X, pos);
                if (temp != null)
                    OPEN.add(temp);
                if(OPEN.isEmpty()) 
                    System.out.println("Ending loop");
            }
        }

    }
    public static boolean compareArray(int[] a, int[] b) {
        for(int i: a) 
            if(a[i] != b[i])
                return false;

        return true;

    }

    public static int[] up(int[] s, int p) {
        int[] str = s;
        if (p > 3) {
            int temp = str[p-3];
            str[p-3] = str[p];
            str[p] = temp;


        }
        // Eliminates child of X if its on OPEN or CLOSED
        if (!OPEN.contains(str) && CLOSED.contains(str) == false)
            return str;
        else
            return null;
    }


    public static int[] down(int[] s, int p) {
        int[] str = s;
        if (p < 6) {
            int temp = str[p+3];
            str[p+3] = str[p];
            str[p] = temp;

        }

        // Eliminates child of X if its on OPEN or CLOSED
        if (!OPEN.contains(str) && CLOSED.contains(str) == false)
            return str;
        else
            return null;
    }


    public static int[] left(int[] s, int p) {
        int[] str = s;
        if (p != 0 && p != 3 && p != 6) {
            int temp = str[p-1];
            str[p-1] = str[p];
            str[p] = temp;

        }
        // Eliminates child of X if its on OPEN or CLOSED
        if (!OPEN.contains(str) && CLOSED.contains(str) == false)
            return str;
        else
            return null;
    }


    public static int[] right(int[] s, int p) {
        int[] str = s;
        if (p != 2 && p != 5 && p != 8) {
            int temp = str[p+1];
            str[p+1] = str[p];
            str[p] = temp;
        }
        // Eliminates child of X if its on OPEN or CLOSED
        if (!OPEN.contains(str) && CLOSED.contains(str) == false)
            return str;
        else
            return null;
    }
    public static void print(String s) {
        System.out.println(s.substring(0, 3));
        System.out.println(s.substring(3, 6));
        System.out.println(s.substring(6, 9));
        System.out.println();
    }
}

此代碼只是立即結束,而從未找到答案。 也許我做錯了什么? 請幫忙。

請注意:這是我對StackOverFlow的第一個問題,因此,如果有人有任何批評,請告訴我,我會立即修復。

首先,您有一個沒有做任何事情的參數, Vector solution位於:

public static void breadthFirstSearch(int[] num, int m, Vector solution1)

另外,您傳入的是表示為m的零元素的位置,然后將一個局部變量分配給該位置,對我來說似乎毫無意義,如果您要搜索,則無需傳入零位置無論如何。

更新了廣度優先搜索方法:

public static void breadthFirstSearch(int[] num) {
    for (int i : num) {
        if (num[i] == 0) {
            empty = i;
        }
    }

    int[] start = num;
    int[] goal = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0};
    int[] X;
    int[] temp = {};

    OPEN.add(start);

    while (OPEN.isEmpty() == false && STATE == false) {

        X = OPEN.iterator().next();
        OPEN.remove(X);
        int pos = empty; // get position of ZERO or EMPTY SPACE
        if (Arrays.equals(X, goal)) {
            System.out.println("SUCCESS");
            STATE = true;
        } else {
            // generate child nodes
            CLOSED.add(X);
            temp = up(X, pos);
            if (temp != null) {
                OPEN.add(temp);
            }
            temp = left(X, pos);
            if (temp != null) {
                OPEN.add(temp);
            }
            temp = down(X, pos);
            if (temp != null) {
                OPEN.add(temp);
            }
            temp = right(X, pos);
            if (temp != null) {
                OPEN.add(temp);
            }
            if (OPEN.isEmpty()) {
                System.out.println("Ending loop");
            }
        }
    }
}

程序的主要問題是在您的移動方法中, up()down()left()right() 您沒有創建陣列的完整副本,因此會導致原始陣列發生修改。

因此,該賦值: int[] str = s;

必須更改為:

   int[] str = new int[s.length];
   System.arraycopy(s, 0, str, 0, s.length);

這是一個完整方法的示例:

public static int[] up(int[] s, int p) {
    int[] str = new int[s.length];
    System.arraycopy(s, 0, str, 0, s.length);

    if (p > 3) {
        int temp = str[p - 3];
        str[p - 3] = str[p];
        str[p] = temp;
    }
    // Eliminates child of X if its on OPEN or CLOSED
    if (!OPEN.contains(str) && !CLOSED.contains(str)) {
        return str;
    } else {
        return null;
    }
}

旁注 (不是必需的):

數組的某些排列不會導致目標狀態。 這個難題本身總共可以有9! 配置,但實際上只有9!/2是可解決的。

我編寫了一種算法來檢查拼圖的奇偶性,可以將其作為一種預處理來完成,我使用它來創建用於測試數據的隨機實例。

public  boolean isSolvable(int[] puzzle) {
    boolean parity = true;
    int gridWidth = (int) Math.sqrt(puzzle.length);
    boolean blankRowEven = true; // the row with the blank tile

    for (int i = 0; i < puzzle.length; i++) {
        if (puzzle[i] == 0) { // the blank tile
            blankRowEven = (i / gridWidth) % 2==0;
            continue;
        }
        for (int j = i + 1; j < puzzle.length; j++) {
            if (puzzle[i] > puzzle[j] && puzzle[j] != 0) {
                parity = !parity;
            }
        }
    }

    // even grid with blank on even row; counting from top
    if (gridWidth % 2 == 0 && blankRowEven) { 
        return !parity;
    }
    return parity;
}

對於矢量

您希望能夠打印出達到目標狀態所采用的路徑,我建議為該State一個類:

private State previousState;
private int[] current;

public State(int[] current, State previousState) {
    this.current = current;
    this.previousState = previousState
}

public State getPreviouState(){
    return previousState;
}
public int[] getCurrentState(){
    return currentState;
}

然后,當您擁有目標State您可以遍歷所有先前的州以查看其走過的路。

State current = GOAL;
while(current != null){
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(current));
    current = current.getPreviousState();
}

up(...)方法有錯誤:

你有:

 str[p] = str[p-3];

我猜應該是:

 str[p] = temp;

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