NameError：名稱“ self”不是僅在最后一個塊中定義嗎？

Question

為什么在運行此代碼時告訴我“ NameError：未定義名稱'self'”？ 我不知道為什么一切都好，除了最后一個塊（更新方法）使我知道任何人都可以提供幫助的錯誤？

這段代碼是一個游戲，需要手掌的整個長度，並給您一個隨機的字母來從手創建一個單詞，當您輸入一個正確的單詞時，單詞中使用的字母會自動刪除，直到單詞

import random 

class Hand(object):

    self.hand = {}

    def __init__(self, n):
        '''
        Initialize a Hand.

        n: integer, the size of the hand.
        '''
        assert type(n) == int
        self.HAND_SIZE = n
        self.VOWELS = 'aeiou'
        self.CONSONANTS = 'bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz'

        # Deal a new hand
        self.dealNewHand()

    def dealNewHand(self):
        '''
        Deals a new hand, and sets the hand attribute to the new hand.
        '''
        # Set self.hand to a new, empty dictionary
        self.hand = {}

        # Build the hand
        numVowels = self.HAND_SIZE // 3

        for i in range(numVowels):
            x = self.VOWELS[random.randrange(0,len(self.VOWELS))]
            self.hand[x] = self.hand.get(x, 0) + 1

        for i in range(numVowels, self.HAND_SIZE):    
            x = self.CONSONANTS[random.randrange(0,len(self.CONSONANTS))]
            self.hand[x] = self.hand.get(x, 0) + 1

    def setDummyHand(self, handString):
        '''
        Allows you to set a dummy hand. Useful for testing your implementation.

        handString: A string of letters you wish to be in the hand. Length of this
        string must be equal to self.HAND_SIZE.

        This method converts sets the hand attribute to a dictionary
        containing the letters of handString.
        '''
        assert len(handString) == self.HAND_SIZE, "Length of handString ({0}) must equal length of HAND_SIZE ({1})".format(len(handString), self.HAND_SIZE)
        self.hand = {}
        for char in handString:
            self.hand[char] = self.hand.get(char, 0) + 1


    def calculateLen(self):
        '''
        Calculate the length of the hand.
        '''
        ans = 0
        for k in self.hand:
            ans += self.hand[k]
        return ans

    def __str__(self):
        '''
        Display a string representation of the hand.
        '''
        output = ''
        hand_keys = sorted(self.hand.keys())
        for letter in hand_keys:
            for j in range(self.hand[letter]):
                output += letter
        return output

    def update(self, word):
        """
        Does not assume that self.hand has all the letters in word.

        Updates the hand: if self.hand does have all the letters to make
        the word, modifies self.hand by using up the letters in the given word.

        Returns True if the word was able to be made with the letter in
        the hand; False otherwise.

        word: string
        returns: Boolean (if the word was or was not made)
        """

        for i in word :
            if self.hand.get(i , 0) == 0 :
                return False
            else :
                self.hand[i] -=1
        return True

Answer 1

我認為這是這行：

self.hand = {}

在班上最重要的是問題。 在定義類時，沒有self 。 該行應位於 __init__方法內。

def __init__(self, n):
    '''
    Initialize a Hand.

    n: integer, the size of the hand.
    '''
    self.hand = {}
    # ... and the rest