如何將控制台輸出寫入 C# 中的控制台和文件？

Question

我有一個簡單的控制台應用程序，我在很多地方都使用了Console.WriteLine來向用戶顯示正在執行的活動。 但是，最后我想將所有控制台 output 也保存到日志文件中。 目前，我有這樣的事情：

if (!Directory.Exists(LOG_DIRECTORY)) {
    Directory.CreateDirectory(LOG_DIRECTORY);
}

long ticks = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
string logFilename = ticks.ToString() + ".txt";
string filePath = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "\\" + LOG_DIRECTORY + "\\" + logFilename;
FileStream ostream = null;
StreamWriter writer = null;
TextWriter oldOut = Console.Out;

try
{
    ostream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);
    writer = new StreamWriter(ostream);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Cannot open {0} for writing.", logFilename);
    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
    return;
}

Console.SetOut(writer);

Console.WriteLine("{0}", Directory.GetCurrentDirectory());

Console.SetOut(oldOut);
writer.Close();
ostream.Close();

Console.WriteLine("\n\nDone!");

關鍵是這會將內容直接打印到文件中，而控制台中不會打印任何內容。 有沒有辦法解決這個問題？ 請注意，我需要將Console.WriteLine output 直接實時寫入控制台，而對於寫入日志文件，可以在程序結束時完成，幾乎所有其他事情都完成了。

Answer 1

您可以創建自己的組件以寫入多個輸出，也可以使用NLog等日志記錄工具。 這可以配置為在<targets>部分你有類似的東西;

<target name="debugger" xsi:type="Debugger" layout="${level}>${message} (${exception:format=ToString})"/>
<target name="console" xsi:type="ColoredConsole" layout="${date:format=dd-MM-yyyy HH\:mm\:ss} - ${message}" />
<target name="FullCSVFile" xsi:type="File"  fileName="${specialfolder:folder=LocalApplicationData}\YourApp\YourApp-${date:format=yyyy-MM-dd}.csv">
  <layout xsi:type="CsvLayout">
    <column name="Index" layout="${counter}" />
    <column name="ThreadID" layout="${threadid}" />
    <column name="Time" layout="${longdate}" />
    <column name="Severity" layout="${level:uppercase=true}" />
    <column name="Location" layout="${callsite:className=False:fileName=True:includeSourcePath=False:methodName=False}" />
    <column name="Detail" layout="${message}" />
    <column name="Exception" layout="${exception:format=ToString}" />
  </layout>
</target>

然后在rules部分，你會有;

<logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="console" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="debugger" />
<logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="FullCSVFile" />

要實際執行寫操作，您的C＃代碼中將包含以下內容：

// at a class level;
private static NLog.Logger _logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

// later in code that writes to both targets...
_logger.Info("Something happened!");

Answer 2

如何在變量中保存控制台輸出，如string array或List<string> ？ 然后執行File.WriteAllText(filepath, consoleOutputArray);

我的意思是這樣的：

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            List<string> textStorage = new List<string>();

            string exampleData = "Ford Mustang";

            Console.WriteLine(exampleData);

            SaveOutput(ref textStorage, exampleData);

            System.IO.File.WriteAllLines(@"C://Desktop//MyFolder", textStorage);

        }
        public static void SaveOutput(ref List<string> textStorage, string output)
        {
            textStorage.Add(output);
        }
    }

Answer 3

每個控制台輸出后，將輸出存儲在列表中，並在程序結束時更新包含詳細信息的日志。

var list = new List<string>;
string xyz = "message";
Console.WriteLine(xyz);
list.add(xyz);
foreach (object o in list)
{
     StreamWriter sw = null;
            String Logfile = "C:\ExceptionLog.txt";
            if (!System.IO.File.Exists(LogFile))
            {
                sw = File.CreateText(LogFile);


            }
            else
            {
                sw = File.AppendText(@"C:\ExceptionLog.txt");
            }

            sw.WriteLine(o);
            sw.Close();
}

Answer 4

我在簡單的場景中使用這樣的東西 - 當我正在制作原型或研究某些東西並且不想擔心意外丟失控制台 output 時。

// run this at application start
using var multiWriter = new MultiTextWriter(File.CreateText("my_log_file"), Console.Out);
Console.SetOut(multiWriter);

public class MultiTextWriter : TextWriter
{
    private readonly TextWriter[] _writers;

    public MultiTextWriter(params TextWriter[] writers)
    {
        _writers = writers;
    }

    // abstract in parent; most of the time you don't need it, though
    // xml stuff needs it, so you may have to implement it
    public override Encoding Encoding => throw new NotImplementedException();

    // technically I think this is the only thing you need to override
    public override void Write(char value)
    {
        for (var index = 0; index < _writers.Length; index++)
        {
            _writers[index].Write(value);
        }
    }

    public override void Write(string? value)
    {
        for (var index = 0; index < _writers.Length; index++)
        {
            _writers[index].Write(value);
        }
    }

    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        for (var index = 0; index < _writers.Length; index++)
        {
            _writers[index].Dispose();
        }
    }
}