[英]How to convert UTC to EST with Python and take care of daylight saving automatically?
如果我有一堆UTC format
的日期和時間數據,我如何將它們轉換為EST
。
它可以每年自動確定它們何時為-4(in summer)
和5(in winter)
? 謝謝
您需要使用pytz
模塊(可從 PyPI 獲得):
import pytz
from datetime import datetime
est = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
utc = pytz.utc
fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'
winter = datetime(2016, 1, 24, 18, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc)
summer = datetime(2016, 7, 24, 18, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc)
print winter.strftime(fmt)
print summer.strftime(fmt)
print winter.astimezone(est).strftime(fmt)
print summer.astimezone(est).strftime(fmt)
這將打印:
2016-01-24 18:00:00 UTC+0000
2016-07-24 18:00:00 UTC+0000
2016-01-24 13:00:00 EST-0500
2016-07-24 14:00:00 EDT-0400
您需要使用'US/Eastern'
而不是'EST'
原因在最后兩行輸出中舉例說明。
如果您有一個對象數據類型的Pandas系列,您可以先使用pd.to_datetime()將其轉換為 DateTime 系列
df[col] = pd.to_datetime(your_series, format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', errors ='coerce')
使用series.dt.tz檢查它是否知道時區
df[col].dt.tz
如果它不知道時區,我們應該使用series.dt.tz_localize()讓它知道時區。 另外,請閱讀此函數的不明確和不存在的參數
df[col] = your_series[col].dt.tz_localize('UTC')
現在通過series.dt.tz_convert()將此系列轉換為所需的時區
df[col] = your_series[col].dt.tz_convert('US/Eastern')
上述方法將處理夏令時。 如果您想檢查更多時區,您可以 pip install pytz 和
import pytz
pytz.common_timezones
如上所述,您可以像這樣使用pandas.DataFrame.tz_convert()
:
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
df = pd.read_csv("your_data_file_path.csv", index_col=False, engine='python')
df['Date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['Date'])
df['Date'] = df['Date'].dt.tz_localize('US/Eastern').dt.tz_convert('UTC')
df['Date'] = df['Date'].apply(lambda x: datetime.replace(x, tzinfo=None))
最后一行的作用是從 datetime 對象中刪除時區信息,因此您只能使用日期和時間進行操作(不用擔心,這不會再次更改時區,它只是將其從時間戳字符串中刪除)。
如果您只想要現有 timedelta 偏移的標准化小時偏移:
from datetime import datetime
import pytz
def curr_est_offset():
tz_est = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
offset = tz_est.utcoffset(datetime.utcnow())
offset_seconds = (offset.days * 86400) + offset.seconds
offset_hours = offset_seconds // 3600
return offset_hours # -4 or -5
這是 thebjorn 的答案,從 Python 2 轉換為Python 3並添加了一些評論。 感謝比約恩。
為了約定,我使用這些術語:
代碼:
# Convert EPT / UTC
# Timezones
ept = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
utc = pytz.utc
# str format
fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'
print("\nEPT/UTC examples:")
print("\nWinter (EST) example:")
# Create a UTC time in the winter
winter_utc = dtdt(2016, 1, 24, 18, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc)
print(" UTC: ", winter_utc.strftime(fmt))
# Convert from UTC to eastern prevailing time. Since, the timestamp is in the
# winter, prevailing time is standard time.
winter_ept = winter_utc.astimezone(ept)
print(" EPT: ", winter_ept.strftime(fmt))
# Let's convert back to UTC to show we get back to the original value.
winter_utc2 = winter_ept.astimezone(utc)
print(" UTC: ", winter_utc2.strftime(fmt))
# Let's do that again for a summer datetime.
print("\nSummer (EDT) example:")
summer_utc = dtdt(2016, 7, 24, 18, 0, 0, tzinfo=utc)
print(" UTC: ", summer_utc.strftime(fmt))
# Convert from UTC to eastern prevailing time. Since, the timestamp is in the
# winter, prevailing time is daylight saving time.
summer_ept = summer_utc.astimezone(ept)
print(" EPT: ", summer_ept.strftime(fmt))
# Let's convert back to UTC to show we get back to the original value.
summer_utc2 = summer_ept.astimezone(utc)
print(" UTC: ", summer_utc2.strftime(fmt))
控制台:
EPT/UTC examples: Winter (EST) example: UTC: 2016-01-24 18:00:00 UTC+0000 EPT: 2016-01-24 13:00:00 EST-0500 UTC: 2016-01-24 18:00:00 UTC+0000 Summer (EDT) example: UTC: 2016-07-24 18:00:00 UTC+0000 EPT: 2016-07-24 14:00:00 EDT-0400 UTC: 2016-07-24 18:00:00 UTC+0000
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