[英]Dynamic content in xaml
如果要基於條件顯示某些內容,則簡單的方法是使用可見性綁定:
<Something Visibility="{Binding ShowSomething, Converter=..." ... />
通過這種方法,如果Something
具有復雜的結構(許多子級,綁定,事件,觸發器等),則仍會創建可視化樹並可能導致性能問題。
更好的方法是通過觸發器添加內容:
<ContentControl>
<ContentControl.Style>
<Style TargetType="ContentControl">
<Style.Triggers>
<DataTrigger Binding="{Binding ShowSomething}" Value="SomeValue">
<Setter Property="Content">
<Setter.Value>
<Something ... />
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</DataTrigger>
</Style.Triggers>
</Style>
</ContentControl.Style>
</ContentControl>
但這是一場噩夢,同意嗎? 具有多個這樣的動態部分將污染xaml並使其難以導航。
還有另一種方法嗎?
我會盡可能使用數據模板,但是當動態部分僅取決於屬性值時,創建專用Type
並實際定義數據模板實在太多了。 當然,可以將該屬性重構為一個類型,然后可以使用其自己的數據模板,但是可以。 我真的更喜歡每次都不要這樣做,因為xaml中定義的太多小類型和實際數據模板對我來說聽起來都是不好的。
我實際上喜歡第二種方法,但是我想改進它,例如通過進行xaml-extension或自定義控件。 我決定提出問題是因為:1)我很懶;)2)我不確定最好的方法是什么3)我確定其他人(xaml大師)已經解決了這個問題。
我能想到的最可重用的解決方案是創建自定義控件,並將其內容包裝在ControlTemplate
,以便在需要時將其延遲加載。
這是一個示例實現:
[ContentProperty(nameof(Template))]
public class ConditionalContentControl : FrameworkElement
{
protected override int VisualChildrenCount => Content != null ? 1 : 0;
protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
{
if (Content != null)
{
if (ShowContent)
Content.Arrange(new Rect(finalSize));
else
Content.Arrange(new Rect());
}
return finalSize;
}
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index < 0 || index > VisualChildrenCount - 1)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
return Content;
}
private void LoadContent()
{
if (Content == null)
{
if (Template != null)
Content = (UIElement)Template.LoadContent();
if (Content != null)
{
AddLogicalChild(Content);
AddVisualChild(Content);
}
}
}
protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint)
{
var desiredSize = new Size();
if (Content != null)
{
if (ShowContent)
{
Content.Measure(constraint);
desiredSize = Content.DesiredSize;
}
else
Content.Measure(new Size());
}
return desiredSize;
}
protected override void OnPropertyChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnPropertyChanged(e);
if (e.Property == ShowContentProperty)
{
if (ShowContent)
LoadContent();
}
else if (e.Property == TemplateProperty)
{
UnloadContent();
Content = null;
if (ShowContent)
LoadContent();
}
}
private void UnloadContent()
{
if (Content != null)
{
RemoveVisualChild(Content);
RemoveLogicalChild(Content);
}
}
#region Dependency properties
private static readonly DependencyPropertyKey ContentPropertyKey = DependencyProperty.RegisterReadOnly(
nameof(Content),
typeof(UIElement),
typeof(ConditionalContentControl),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata
{
AffectsArrange = true,
AffectsMeasure = true,
});
public static readonly DependencyProperty ContentProperty = ContentPropertyKey.DependencyProperty;
public static readonly DependencyProperty ShowContentProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
nameof(ShowContent),
typeof(bool),
typeof(ConditionalContentControl),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata
{
AffectsArrange = true,
AffectsMeasure = true,
DefaultValue = false,
});
public static readonly DependencyProperty TemplateProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
nameof(Template),
typeof(ControlTemplate),
typeof(ConditionalContentControl),
new PropertyMetadata(null));
public UIElement Content
{
get => (UIElement)GetValue(ContentProperty);
private set => SetValue(ContentPropertyKey, value);
}
public ControlTemplate Template
{
get => (ControlTemplate)GetValue(TemplateProperty);
set => SetValue(TemplateProperty, value);
}
public bool ShowContent
{
get => (bool)GetValue(ShowContentProperty);
set => SetValue(ShowContentProperty, value);
}
#endregion
}
請注意,此實現不會在加載內容后立即卸載內容,而只是將其排列為(0,0)
大小。 為了在不希望顯示時從視覺樹中卸載內容,我們需要進行一些修改(此代碼示例僅限於修改后的代碼):
(...)
protected override int VisualChildrenCount => ShowContent && Content != null ? 1 : 0;
protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
{
if (Content != null && ShowContent)
Content.Arrange(new Rect(finalSize));
return finalSize;
}
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index < 0 || index > VisualChildrenCount - 1)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
return Content;
}
private void LoadContent()
{
if (Content == null && Template != null)
Content = (UIElement)Template.LoadContent();
if (Content != null)
{
AddLogicalChild(Content);
AddVisualChild(Content);
}
}
protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint)
{
var desiredSize = new Size();
if (Content != null && ShowContent)
{
Content.Measure(constraint);
desiredSize = Content.DesiredSize;
}
return desiredSize;
}
protected override void OnPropertyChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnPropertyChanged(e);
if (e.Property == ShowContentProperty)
{
if (ShowContent)
LoadContent();
else
UnloadContent();
}
else if (e.Property == TemplateProperty)
{
UnloadContent();
Content = null;
if (ShowContent)
LoadContent();
}
}
(...)
用法示例:
<StackPanel>
<CheckBox x:Name="CB" Content="Show content" />
<local:ConditionalContentControl ShowContent="{Binding ElementName=CB, Path=IsChecked}">
<ControlTemplate>
<Border Background="Red" Height="200" />
</ControlTemplate>
</local:ConditionalContentControl>
</StackPanel>
如果您不介意在解析XAML時實例化的內容,而只想將其保留在可視樹之外,則可以使用以下控件來實現此目標:
[ContentProperty(nameof(Content))]
public class ConditionalContentControl : FrameworkElement
{
private UIElement _Content;
public UIElement Content
{
get => _Content;
set
{
if (ReferenceEquals(value, _Content)) return;
UnloadContent();
_Content = value;
if (ShowContent)
LoadContent();
}
}
protected override int VisualChildrenCount => ShowContent && Content != null ? 1 : 0;
protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
{
if (Content != null && ShowContent)
Content.Arrange(new Rect(finalSize));
return finalSize;
}
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
if (index < 0 || index > VisualChildrenCount - 1)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index));
return Content;
}
private void LoadContent()
{
if (Content != null)
{
AddLogicalChild(Content);
AddVisualChild(Content);
}
}
protected override Size MeasureOverride(Size constraint)
{
var desiredSize = new Size();
if (Content != null && ShowContent)
{
Content.Measure(constraint);
desiredSize = Content.DesiredSize;
}
return desiredSize;
}
protected override void OnPropertyChanged(DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
base.OnPropertyChanged(e);
if (e.Property == ShowContentProperty)
{
if (ShowContent)
LoadContent();
else
UnloadContent();
}
}
private void UnloadContent()
{
if (Content != null)
{
RemoveVisualChild(Content);
RemoveLogicalChild(Content);
}
}
#region Dependency properties
public static readonly DependencyProperty ShowContentProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
nameof(ShowContent),
typeof(bool),
typeof(ConditionalContentControl),
new FrameworkPropertyMetadata
{
AffectsArrange = true,
AffectsMeasure = true,
DefaultValue = false,
});
public bool ShowContent
{
get => (bool)GetValue(ShowContentProperty);
set => SetValue(ShowContentProperty, value);
}
#endregion
}
用法:
<StackPanel>
<CheckBox x:Name="CB" Content="Show content" />
<local:ConditionalContentControl ShowContent="{Binding ElementName=CB, Path=IsChecked}">
<Border Background="Red" Height="200" />
</local:ConditionalContentControl>
</StackPanel>
請注意,盡管這種方法有其缺點,例如,如果未立即加載內容,則與相對源的綁定將報告錯誤。
我決定發表我的嘗試作為答案:
public class DynamicContent : ContentControl
{
public bool ShowContent
{
get { return (bool)GetValue(ShowContentProperty); }
set { SetValue(ShowContentProperty, value); }
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty ShowContentProperty =
DependencyProperty.Register("ShowContent", typeof(bool), typeof(DynamicContent),
new PropertyMetadata(false,
(sender, e) => ((DynamicContent)sender).ChangeContent((bool)e.NewValue)));
protected override void OnContentChanged(object oldContent, object newContent)
{
base.OnContentChanged(oldContent, newContent);
ChangeContent(ShowContent);
}
void ChangeContent(bool show) => Template = show ? (ControlTemplate)Content : null;
}
簡短,清晰(是嗎?)並且可以正常工作。
想法是使用ContentControl.Content
來指定控件模板,並更改ShowContent
或Content
(以支持設計時)值時顯示/隱藏控件Template
。
測試示例(包括相對和名稱綁定):
<StackPanel Tag="Test">
<CheckBox x:Name="comboBox"
Content="Show something"
IsChecked="{Binding ShowSomething}" />
<local:DynamicContent ShowContent="{Binding IsChecked, ElementName=comboBox}">
<ControlTemplate>
<local:MyCheckBox IsChecked="{Binding IsChecked, ElementName=comboBox}"
Content="{Binding Tag, RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=StackPanel}}" />
</ControlTemplate>
</local:DynamicContent>
</StackPanel>
要查看延遲的內容:
public class MyCheckBox : CheckBox
{
public MyCheckBox()
{
Debug.WriteLine("MyCheckBox is constructed");
}
}
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